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PhylumMollusca Phylum Mollusca* - Coggle Diagram
Phylum Mollusca*
Class Polyplacophora (Chitons)
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The distinguishing feature of these creatures are their 8 shell plates
Their main anatomy includes
8 shell plates
Broad Foot
Radula used for Feeding
Ill defined head
Chitons feed by using a radula to scrape whatever surface they are on. Whenever something tastes like food, they consume it. Most chitons feed on rasping algae and other encrusted food off of rocks.
Polyplacophora are believed to be the most primitive of the Mollusca family. They are also considered to be the least developed in terms of anatomy. In order to move, Chitons usually attach firmly to hard surfaces with their foot, moving with the aid of secreted mucus and contractions of their [foot.]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsA1gJPy6sc
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Class Bivalve (Clams, Oysters, etc.)
Bivalva: Meaning 2 halves; named for the 2 siphons or 2 shells Basic Anatomy: Adductor Muscles, Mantle, Beak, Incurrent/Excurrent siphon, Umbo, and Hinge
Food is captured by water entering the incurrent siphon which flows over the gills where plankton is capture. Waste and water then exit through the excurrent siphon. Although some bivalves are deposit feeders, meaning they feed on dead tissue.
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Clams
Tivela (Pismo Clam) (they burrow just below the surface
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Mussles
Mussel (Genus: Mytilidae) attach to rocks by using byssal threads
From saltwater and freshwater habitats, mussels have two valves surrounding a soft fleshy body. Freshwater mussels are often also related to snails and squids.
Oysters
Crassostrea gigas (Pacific Oyster) Originating from Northeast Asia
Oysters tend to burrow partly in the mud but not much further. They are much more common. Live in marine or brackish habitats. However not all are in the superfamily Ostreoidea.
Scallops
Scallop (Pectinidae) Swim around with their valves and have up to 60 eyes
Scallops are a type of bivalve mollusk. Inside the shell, scallops have a white adductor muscle that opens and closes the shell, as well as a bright orange section called the coral. With their 60 eyes, they can detect light, color, and motion.
Valves are joined at the top, adductor muscles on each side hold the shell closed. If the shell is opened then the shell is opened by ligaments located on either side called the umbo.
Teeth along hinge line bring the two valves together
Periostracum: The outermost layer of the shell which is composed of a horny organic substance. This forms a yellowish or brownish "skin" on the outside of the shell.
The shell has several layers, typically made up of calcium carbonate secreted by the mantle. The valves are made of calcite (for oysters) and calcite AND aragonite (for clams)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0msk-ZokMw
Class Cephalopoda (Squid, octopi, etc.)
Cephalopoda: Translated to "Head Footed" (Modified food is concentrated in head regions with sides of foot drawn out into arms and tentacles
Nautilus (Nautilidae) Shell: Coiled Series of gas chambers Tentacles: 80-90 retractable tentacles with no suction cups (do NOT have an ink sac)
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Nautilus tend to live in deep slopes or coral reefs in which they can inhabit depths of up to 300 meters rising up to around 100 to feed, mate, and lay eggs. They are slow moving predators, they need to eat only once a month, since they don't require using that much energy.
Their lifespan consists of about over 20 years, and they can grow up to 20 centimeters in length.
Squid (Decabranchia) Shell: shell reduced by Pen (a thin, horny strip enclosed by a mantle) Tentacles: 10 arms; 8 w/ suction cups, 2 retractable w/o suction cups
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Squids are made for speed and are fast moving predators. They can range in size from 2 IN. TO 46 FEET! Their lifespan consists of about 2-3 years.
Octopus (Octopoda) Shell: No Shell (shell has disappeared) Tentacles: 8 arms all with suction cups
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Generally considered to be one of the most intelligent species in the ocean, octopi also have an amazing camouflaging ability, similar to cuttlefish, with using their chromatophores. Lifespan about a couple years, and can be to up to 15 feet in diameter.
Cuttlefish (Sepiida) Shell: Similar to that of a squid Tentacles: Same as the squid
Cuttlefish are fast swimming and are very intelligent predators, similar to that of their close relative the octopus. You can think of them as having the best mix of qualities shared between a squid and an octopus! They are nocturnal predators, and have a lifespan of about 18 months.
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Chromatophores: the pigment cells that expand and contract to produce color change. they are used as danger signals, protective coloring, and strategies and processes in mating. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrdbENkylZM
Ink: All cephalopods accept the nautilus have an ink sack. The ink is released when the animal is alarmed. The ink can be used as a decoy to distract the predator and can also blind them.
Jet Propulsion: To swim, cephalopods draw water in and out with their funnels
All cephalopods share a similar diet in fish, other mollusks, crustaceans, and worms using their beak-like jaws and radula to tear the prey apart. (octopus and cuttlefish have poison in their saliva as well)
Basic Anatomy: Collar, Mantle Cavity, head, tentacles, suction cups, the funnel, gill, and the fin *
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