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The working Model Of Memory- Baddeley And Hitch (1974) - Coggle Diagram
The working Model Of Memory- Baddeley And Hitch (1974)
Overview
Referring back to MSM makes it easier to understand
MSM suggests there is long term and short term store.Also talks about the central executive, episodicc buffer, phonological loop and visuo spatial sketchpad.
Most dominant model of memory today
Episodic buffer
integrates information from both the central executive, the phonological loop, the visual sketchpad and long term memory.
has limited capacity
general storage space for both acoustic and visual information
Central executive
allocates the resources
has no storage position however cannot attend to too many things at once.
drives the system and decides how attention is directed
phonological loop
baddeley (1986) divided it into two components: The auditory store, which holds speech for 1-2 seconds, and the articulary control process which rehearses infomation
the memory traces in the auditory store decay after about 1-2 seconds
deals with auditory information and the order of information
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
holds information on what things look like or the relationship between things or what things look like for a very long time.
Used when you are planning a spatial task e.g. going from home to college.
Baddeley 1996 Central Executive study
generated number stream was much less random in condition three
Baddeley said they were competing for the same entral executive resources.
participants were asked to type numbers in a random order whilst simultaneously either reciting the alphabet, counting from one or alternating between letters and numbers eg A1 B2 C3.
Evaluation
Typical word recall of STM is 5-6 words but sentence recall is up to 16. Chunking is used here but this model does not explain how LTM is accessed here.
Articulatory suppression has an effect but not a major effect and we have the ability to combine visual and articulary info.
Shepard and Feng 1972
The time taken for both groups were extremely similiar
this means visual images work in a very similiar way to real life
visuospatial sketch pad study where two groups were asked about the folding of shapes into cubes. one group were asked to physically do it and the other asked to imagine it.
Baddeley (1973)
Model proposes that STM consists of the central control mechanism which is assisted by several slave systems. We CAN process and store information at the same time.
There is more interferance in tasks that use the same modality e.g two visual tasks. Memory span seems to depend on time rather than the number of items. We have the ability to combine visual and verbal information and articulatory suppression does not have a major effect.
Multi store model claimed that short term memory and long term memory were separate stores, however WMM claims that short term memory is more complex and has different components that work independently.