Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Arts of Gender, Race and Academia, Eastern Asian through Eastern Lens,…

- - - - Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
        
        Prohibits Chinese Immigration to the US
      - The Page Act
        
        Bars Chinese women from entering the US because of fear of them spreading STDs and "promiscuity"
  - - - Fetility
        
        Weaponizing Fertility
        
        Women being seen as sneaky and manipulative instead of traditionally violent
        
        "The real danger lie in the fecundity of her loins" 274
        
        Western front facing China's reproductive force
        
        Her destruction is sterilization
        
        West wipes out China and then repopulates her, using her own "weapon" against her
      - Objectification/Property
      - Something to be protected
      - Large Family
      - "Gentle Giant"
        
        "China had laughed at war, and war she was getting" 280
      - Sexualization
        
        "The Chinese was not an imperial race...spilling over the boundaries of her empire"
        
        "But what were three Chinese to an excess of 20 million?" 278
        
        "There were two Chinese for every white skinned person in the world" 275
    - - Violence
      - Naval Warfare
      - Blockades
      - Science?
  - - - "Slant Eyes"
      - "Yellow faces"
  - - - China's "dormancy"
      - Japan's imperial posturing gives them an honorary western/whiteness
        
        Japan returns to art and other "feminine" things by the end of the war, retakes on she/her pronouns
    - - Presence of an assumption of lack of want to understand
  - - - Policy
        
        Attrocities towards Eastern Asians are minimized down to policy
      - Weaponization of Science
        
        But science is also the solution?
        
        Science propagates racism
        
        Highlights biological differences that are not real
        
        Language of disease and contagion
        
        Imagines people as "alien" or less than human
        
        Genocide is "necessary" for western expansion
        
        Creation of new society
        
        "Democratic American Program"
- - - - Reverse fetishization
        
        Conquest of the white woman instead of white man sexualizing an Asian woman
        
        Mysterious, dark, inscrutable qualities
        
        "Dangerously Sexy"
        
        Ornamentalism and Objectfication
        
        "My husband objects to my extravagance, and to you"
    - - Breaking up the family unit
  - - - The Hardys
        
        Symbolizes Western Enlightenment
    - - Around Mr. Arakau when he is alone
  - - - poses him as the dominant predator
    - - White Savior Complex
    - - Edith's hands
        
        Giving and Taking motions
        
        Pointing her finger
  - - - The US was allied with Japan and they didn’t like this portrayal, so he was changed to be Burmese
- - - - Blaming perversion on narcissism, homosexuality, or impotence
        
        homosexuality perceived as a character flaw
        
        blaming perversion on anything OTHER than being a pervert
      - creation of the character "Don Juan"
        
        racialized a non-heteronormative sexual appetite
  - - - Also coupled with mystery and fascination
        
        Insistence that minority sexual groups are invested in maintaining sexuality's hierarchical structure
  - - - Children
      - Criminals
      - Mad Men
    - - Saying "no" to non-heteronormative relationships because inability to reproduce
      - the family unit has monetary value
      - Intersex people pose a threat
    - - Government and religious guides of how to keep a heterosexual couple happy and sexual
      - Government regulations managing sexual promiscuity
        
        Similar to Chinese Exclusion act
    - - Perceiving "others" as a threat to society
      - Labeling them as a different species
- - - - "Asian/American women can use it in other self enabling ways
        
        reframing the Asian female as bottom (position of submission)
      - "bind representation,' describes the experience of viewing, performing, and criticizing hypersexuality as both punitive and pleasurable, as well as political, for Asian/American women."
      - "To hide from sexual critique is to hide from the subject of Asian/American woman."
  - - - passionate attachment: identifying with the subordinate group
        (Butler)
        
        there is a way to manipulate this that is radically and politically more than just being a bottom
- - - - Hiding behind a Western Front, has a feeling of femininity that doesn't come out until the end of the play
        
        Facade of control
    - - Song gets the last word in as Gallimard is dying
  - - - Ironic given the POV, it is Hwong exploiting and reclaiming the identity/ "Orientalism" that the West has prescribed
    - - "Love warped my judgement, blinded my eyes, rearranged the very lines on my face"
  - - - Accepting that he identifies more with femininity
        
        "Death with honor, is better than life...life with dishonor"
        
        Shame in not living up to the Western ideals of masculinity
    - - Courthouse scene, Armani suit
        
        Armani is an Italian brand; Song is not only positioning himself as the masculine & therefore Western, but also wearing western clothes
- - - - Values
      - Qualifications
        
        "That Orientalism makes sense at all depends more on the West than on the Orient, and this sense is directly indebted to various Western techniques of representation that makes the Orient visible, clear, "there" in discourse about it" 22
    - - Values
        
        Western relationships with the Orient, but never losing the upper hand
      - Qualifications
  - - - (18th Century) Orientalism can be discussed and analyzed as the corporate institution for dealing with it but making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it, ruling over it" 3
        
        "Orientalism as a Western style for dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the Orient." 3
    - - "Anyone who teaches, writes about, or researches the Orient... is an orientalist, and what he or she does is Orientalism" 1
    - - "Orientalism is a style of thought based upon an ontological and epistemological distinction made between "The Orient" and (most of the time) "the Occident" 2
        
        "Having accepted the basic distinction between East and West as the starting point," 2
- - - - Possible affinities
        
        "Better equipped for an age of "postindustrial", transnational economies"
      - Points of Alienation
        
        American mentalities are idealized
    - - Material forms of Asian Americans
        
        Objective
        
        Gratification
        
        Time and Space
        
        Desires and Needs
        
        Denial
      - Corporeal forms of Asian Americans
        
        Deployment in social and cultural discourse
        
        exists
        
        Social interactions of Asian American bodies including
        
        Sexual
        
        Economic
        
        Placement
        
        Labor
    - - Real physical environment
      - Symbolic logics attached to physical place
  - - - Model minority myth
        
        "Overachievers"
        
        "Economic success and class ascension do not necessarily erase racial distinctions that leave Asian Americans susceptible to being redefined as "foreign" 3
        
        Asian Americans have already "made it" (Economic Ascension)
    - - not being considered minorities anymore or non-white
      - History
        
        Rooted in forced AND willed migrations
        
        Wars of colonization, decolonization, and global strife
        
        Global and economic change
- - - - "queering"
        
        "most performatives, [are statements that] also perform a certain action and exercise a binding power" 225
        
        The term "queer" has always been used to other/shame
        people
      - Citations of the law
        
        "It is through the citation of the law that the figure of the judge's will is produced" 225
      - Problems with Gender Performativity and Drag
        
        Reaffirms the idea that "clothes make the woman"
        
        publicizatoin and theatricality have become central to queerness due to repetition
        
        Ungrieved Loss in Drag
        
        Heterosexual Melancholy
    - - Marginalized groups need to lay claim to their identities and titles because even if they won't, it will claim them
        
        "Women" "Lesbian" "Gay" etc
  - - - Not everyone has the privilege to be "out" / "outness" looks different for different groups
    - - Brings groups of people together that really don't have any reason to be
        
        ex. Lesbians and Gays
- - - - "My flower daughter"
        
        "The knife would wither your petal fingers"
        
        Almost ironic since she would kill him with manipulation instead of literally with a knife anyway
        
        The plan is to make it look like Fu Manchu is trying to kill Ling Muy to bring her closer to Petrie child
        
        "You love him" "A weakness overcame me"
        
        "Why have you poisoned the wine and our love"
      - "I will be your son"
  - - - poisons the tobacco
        
        does mind control to then kill Petrie Sr.
        
        Ling Muy poisoning the wine
      - Sneaks through the doors between houses
    - - Even Ling Muy believing death over dishonor
        
        Ling Muy talking to Petrie Jr about falling in love with him
        
        Wonders if her hair would turn blonde
        
        worries it is a "passing fascination"
        
        even the way she dresses and presents herself changes to more western vs when she is introduced
        
        manipulation: you refuse a gift of Ling Muy's heart"
- - - - "At eighteen years of age what troubles me is not that I am what I am, but that others are ignorant of my superiority"
      - “Have already learned that China is a heathen country, being civilized by England”
      - “Chinky chinky Chinaman, yellow-face, pig-tail, rat eater”
    - - Sui experiences violence bc of her Asianess
      - “Very interesting little creature” fetishization of a CHILD
      - Sexualization and assumption of Sui Sin Far from Navy LT
  - - - "Mark Carson had a determined chin, clever eyes, and a tone to his voice which easily won for him the confidence of the unwary"
        
        Characterizes him as a hero
    - - "She led him about Chinatown, initiating him into the simple mystery and history of many things"
- - - - "tormented by his sex addiction, the perpetrator, a 21-year-old white man, thought of killing himself but eventually decided to eliminate the temptation"
        
        his temptation had LITERALLY BECOME ASIAN WOMEN
        
        "is it a racially motivated crime? not according to the perpetrator" WHAT
        
        "Yesterday was a really bad day for him" WHAT
    - - the Lotus Blossom
        
        "Self sacrificing, service, and suicidal"
        
        Anna May Wong's character falling in love with an American that leaves her for a white woman, so she kills herself
      - The Dragon Lady
        
        "desirable, deceitful, and dangerous" --polar opposite of the lotus blossom
        
        Also portrayed by Anna May Wong as a Mongolian spy who like uses her sexuality to manipulate a white man
        
        Also comes alive in Full Metal Jacket where Asian sex worker is the dominant portrayal of Asian women
      - the Little Brown Fucking Machine
  - - - This is like a prime example of the US thinking they've fixed a problem and made themselves look good, but they're still highkey racist
    - - made it so marriages where one partner was an immigrant had to "prove" their marriage for two years including potentially staying in an abusive relationship for 2 years
- - - - "a coming together of the homosexual and the primitive as pathologized" (13)
      - "the figure of the primitive is (homo)sexualized" (13)
  - - - "psychoanalytic, feminist, and queer theories traditionally have had the same conceptual blind spot: these are all critical discourses that emphasize sexual difference over and above every other type of social difference" (5)
      - "psychoanalysis has systematically encoded race as a question of sexual development" (6) WHAT
      - "the indignities suffered by men of Chinese descent are analogous to those traditionally suffered by women" (16)
        
        refraining from seeking antifeminist approaches
        
        Asian American men usually taking on "feminine" roles post-immigration
    - - "divergent agendas of feminism and heroism in Asian American studies" (15)
- - - - Even though he is ethnically Japanese, he is American that moved to Japan
        
        Also has several other successful projects in Japan
        
        I think that this is like super fair esp because America is the country that created the damage in Japan
        
        How much of these raparations are like masquarading
  - - - Wanted to "help" a group of Japanese women who had been severely burned by the atomic bomb by bringing them to the US to get plastic surgery
        
        These women spent most of their lives hiding because their disfigured quality reflected a subjective image of their families' status rather than the objective horror of surviving an atomic bombing
        
        Labeled as Tanimoto's "Keloid Girls"
        
        Both of these things are like efforts to "repair" the damages
        
        "Japanese ethics, European science"
        
        Plastic surgery as an exotic commodity
        
        2 more items...
        
        Same thing as the memorial, it would have been a westernized form of architecture
        
        This came with an idea of "social rehabilitation" for the Hiroshima maidens
        
        1 more item...
  - - - Two women who did have procedures were seen posing in front of one of the only buildings that survived the bombing and the building is shown out of focus behind them to distinguish them from the "old" Hiroshima
        
        Transformation from "Keloid Girls" to Hiroshima Maidens
- - - - MORE ERASUREEEEE big yikes
      - "a rich body of writing on women's activism on one hand, and a sparseness of theoretical writing on the other"
        
        as new as the 1980s and 1990s
      - unlike the "fact of blackness", the "fact of yellowness" is something that people just never talk about
        
        I feel like this is really historical since there has been this weird dynamic of asian people being considered white in some spheres so a lot of the racist traumas that they have endured has been erased
    - - Being compared to how Africans and Afro Americans were not considered human but not not considered human (think 3/5 compromise?)
  - - - Celestial Lady
      - Lotus Blossom
      - Dragon Lady
      - Yellow Fever
      - Slave Girl
      - Geisha
      - Concubine
      - China Doll
        
        "The Love Doll" work being used by a white woman; reinforcing a power dynamic and controlling the narrative of how Asian women are perceived
      - Prostitute
    - - this is defined as white, male, and western
    - - everyday interactions in the...
        
        courtroom
        
        bedroom
        
        boardroom
        
        cutting room
        
        What is a cutting room???
        
        "A room where film or videotapes are edited" (thanks google)
        
        is this like a sexualized/fetishized thing
    - - if black femininity is defined as a fleshy sexualization, asian femininity is more of a fetishization of their covering/clothing
        
        "portable superflesh"
      - black femininity is vestibular
      - while asiatic femininity is ornamental
  - - - both yellow and "ornamental"; shows traditional Asian imagery, but also the bodiless silhouette is a very curvy figure that is filled in like it would have small boobs
        
        this leans in super hard to both hypersexualization of Asiatic feminine bodies, and feeds into stereotypes about body types that exist within that hypersexualization
- - - - comes to the terms that there is no difference in white oppression of black people and their own
        
        "Not only will I stare. I want my look to change reality."
  - - - black people charted the progress of racial equality by watching the representatioon of black folks in media
      - recent movies to not agree with this original paradigm, but this is def a new development
        
        ambivalent responses to media
  - - - obsession with whiteness
        
        black women sit in the background: "she was not us"
        
        black women identify with the way that black women are being represented
        
        black women need to imagine themselves in the shoes of white women
- - - - queerness: beyond lesbian and gay
  - - - Overlapping of queer identities with racial identities
        
        Both being sexualized and "othered"
      - Hypersexuality of Asians; lack of phallus; feminization
    - - the complex intersections of “wildness,” “beastiality” and what is “material” and “imaginary,” all while being connected to “what it means to be human” (122)
    - - White rabbits -- purity and innocence
      - Black cats: felinity=feminitity
        
        Fu Manchu as feline
        
        Fu Manchu transgender?
- - - - Bow has conflicted feelings about this because it is like a sociological example of racism, but she also thinks it is cute, and she wants to buy it bc its cute
        
        Racial caricatures as mockery
  - - - A Japanese subculture where usually women dress cute; can be like a trauma response type thing where they intentionally try to look "cute" or childish to not be perverted
        
        This is something that Bow doesn't really talk about, maybe bc it has to do less with objectification???
        
        I feel like it is a big part of the conversation of the hypersexualization of eastern asian women
    - - Something like the juice squeezer could be read as:
        
        orientalist
        
        Parody of orientalism
        
        Anti-Chinese
        
        Homage to chinese culture
      - But when considering things like mammy cookie jars, we obv realize that is racist af
        
        Im sorry but American cultural representation in other countries being called "coca-colonization" is actually kinda hilarious
        
        Like we really do be out here as colonizers
        
        example of this in asian culture is like purses being designed like chinese take out boxes
      - Heightened stakes for Asians in Western eyes
        
        Asian American model minority myth
        
        Asians are "respected but not liked"
        
        CRT est hate symbols as hate speech
        
        Things like racist halloween costumes : "risky"
      - Specifically marketed towards young girls
        
        "kitten writing" animalization???? mel chen???
    - - lovely
      - cute
        
        "not something we find in our children, but something we do to them"
        
        reinforcement of power differentials
        
        kinda like the animal thing
        
        Samurai and geisha imagery being deemed acceptable for children because Japanese culture associated with cuteness instead of consumers recognizing the real implications of objects that look like Samurais and Geishas
        
        I think like yes but also american kids play with GI joe and literal "toy soldiers" so thats also just something big wrong with american culture
        
        i take it all back wtf is Angry Asian Man
      - Pretty
      - Precious
      - innocent
- - - - "groom": like a doctor
        
        as doublers age, grooms harvest limbs and organs from starfish in order to try to keep the doublers alive as long as possible
      - peristrophe dies
        
        peristrophe is the community's last starfish
        
        starfish: they can regenerate limbs and organs
        
        auntie radix also dies
        
        EVERYONE IS DYING
        
        she is the community's last doubler
        
        she (doublers) spontaneously becomes pregnant
    - - Granddaughter of Lennox Co, founder of Jemini that released the thing that made the "Tiger Flu" pandemic happen
      - lives in the saltwater flats
      - SHE HAS TO SACRIFICE DELPHINE! NOT THE GOAT
      - KORA IS ACTUALLY A GRIST AND A STARFISH
        
        finding out Marcus is using the Grist women as test subjects for his tiger flu cures
        
        Kora's brother, K2 KILLS MARCUS and is now in control of the cure for the Tiger Flu
- - - - "suerte" also means luck in Spanish
        
        So in the same way that this means not enough karma for this family, it is also like not enough luck, hence why they had too many daughters and not enough sons
        
        This isn't just the standard type of erasure that we see with things like the Hiroshima maidens, this is erasure that happened within a family almost for like protection; the daughter lived but at the cost of her identity
        
        This is obv not what this work is about but this also feels applicable to like transgender kids that are having to live in a skin and with an identity that they dont feel comfortable with in places like Texas
  - - - like shedding identities; having to feel their outer skin as something they escape from and find themselves anew within a newer, fresher version of themselves
        
        Similar idea to like a caccoon, but a butterfly is typically a transformation that is seen as beautiful, whereas the snake is something that is slimier and more negative connotation
        
        Interesting to think of what animals are being associated with who (mel chen?)
  - - - if you can't have a baby boy, you should adopt one-- if you think your pregnancy may be at risk (of being a girl) you should consult a fortune teller
      - "BOYS ARE LUCKY" printed over the top of the image but that is not transcribed with the rest of the text on the next page
    - - "Why settle?"
      - "gender correction promotes production of the AMH" (what you need for a successful pregnancy
        
        Associating a healthy pregnancy with gender of baby
      - "prevents homosexual tendencies"
        
        everything is just concerned with the bloodline
        
        The amount of trauma evident in this work is so sad
      - touches on academic performance too, pressure and model minority myths
    - - this like first and foremost is such an eerie image of the woman without eyes and a large smile plastered on her face
      - "If you have white skin, you can cover 1,000 ugliness" - Chinese Proverb
      - "neutralizes facial hair and other ethnic features"
      - "Try together with Yeong Mae's Oral Whitening Rinse"
        
        They're really just pushing it down people's throats
    - - "Beautiful words are not truthful, the truth is not beautiful" - Chinese Paradox
      - "lose your accent in 30 days - guarunteed" this is like the same things that white people use to racialize and insight violence against Asians, but it is also being used within their own communities
        
        "anti-septic rinse kills germs" this idea of Asianness being associated with disease and dirtiness isn't something thats like just covid
  - - - This is like super interesting as a juxtoposition to the bo suerte thing
        
        like suerte is karma that comes from a man, but in this breath is qi
- - - - i feel like maybe that too is like ????? is it me for seeing it like this ????? am i the problem????
      - also like even if i AM the problem for seeing it like this, that still shows the imagery that is associated with like Asian culture and the feminization even when the image is very obv masculine
        
        Like with this guy he has very square features and is pictured in a dominant way and instead of brain going brr brr manly man, it is going like dragon lady
  - - - like instead of having a backround with high contrast or an asian man who has like naturally dark hair or even funky colored hair, he is stripped and he is just like blending into the backgroud
        
        I think that the idea of how stripped he looks is also interesting from like a cosmetic perspective because of how he is not wearing clothes, but also his bleached hair is "stripped" of any color; i think this could also be symbolic of an erasure of identity or culture
- - - - alienated by the man who fathered them
      - alienated from their Korean town that values purity
        
        even though ethnic purity is valued, kids are literally pimping their own mothers in order to try to make enough money for a ticket to america
        
        singular goal: "escape"
      - Hyun Jin
        
        determined to get out of American town and this leads her to sex work
        
        she was literally disowned by her parents
        
        something about daddy issues here
        
        "my girl is so popular the boys follow her home from school" this is like mad toxic and really gross even if it is a joke
        
        sells her virginity to basically a gang bang
        
        she takes sookie down the path of prostitution with her
        
        she forms a family with sookie and her pimp
        
        she loses her own child and she says that she is dedicated to raising Sookie's child as her own
        
        wants this in order to break the cycle of abandonment
        
        obsession with raising myu myu who wants to be called maya
        
        eating ho-hos and sookie had to convince her that it actually tasted good despite the way that it was overly sweet for her pallet
      - Sookie
        
        does not want her own child
        
        sort of acting like they are in love though
        
        when she gives hyun jin the pond su cream to "make her beautiful" and it is a lightening cream :unamused:
    - - thrive on the clashing and combining of relationships
        
        young "half halfs" in american towns are being taught that america is better than Korea
        
        ex: coca cola sits on shelf right next to kimchi
        
        ironic because there is still segregation between white and black people in the military
        
        Korean sex workers thrive on this and manipulate to try and get them to marry them
- - - - works in the basement workshop in Chinatown
    - - "she's so fine/ she's so bad/ foxy lady"
        
        objectification of this woman and has to be good and fine and bad and foxy
        
        "what a lady/ what a tease" so when she isn't the way that a man wants her to be she is suddenly a tease
      - touches on this unrealistic expectation of women when talking about the golkd dresses and silken hands
        
        like this is obv commentary, but a man would be like "yeah actually that would be pretty nice"
        
        "do you long to stroke the little kitten"
        
        this line is ike a metaphor for like innocence and animality and childlikeness but is also like a euphamism
        
        talking about cats and kitties as symbolism for vaginas
    - - "we live a life of / hardwork / 16 hours in a 6 week day / washing ironing starching / other peoples clothes.... / he told me that he loved me / and i believe (d) him
        
        this is so sad
        
        but feels like a represenation of the immigrant experience
    - - there are so many other images and experiences that are so sad, its almost refreshing to see a different perspective and to know that not every Asian is entirely suffering all the time
        
        i take it back it got tragic on the very last page
        
        all of the speaking of suicides is tragic, and i think leaving it to the end of this section is lijke symbolic of this optimism
- - - - this continues the idea that the perpetrator is in the right
- - - - Xi Shi
      - Lao Wang
    - - Wall Street Clive
      - Intellectual Theodor
      - Quirky Quentin
      - Biker Ethan
      - Bookish Timothy
      - New York Tony
      - Midwestern Ron
  - - - like the creators of this horror film really went and created this horrifying visual that is so scary because it is so accurate in its representation of the ways Asian women are perceived and fetishized
        
        Even initially how she came out and walked the same way as the man who was serving the food, it was like she was being presented as food for these men to eat
        
        there was also teh whole chunk of the man whispering into her ear and instead of words coming out of his mouth it is pig noises which is just so indicitaive of how nasty and i guess carnal everything was supposed to be
    - - like all of the lanterns being posted and the giant mask on the wall is just so indicative of the exploitation that is being represented
        
        along with that exploitation there is also the singer's dress being made entirely out of fans and being very small in nature
        
        like they have two modes for how Asians are supposed to dress in media: "traditional dress" or what a costume of someone dressing up as an Asian by appropriating their culture as sold by Party City would wear
  - - - which like this feels like the same thing as the women who got murdered because of some white man who was "having a bad day" like NO YOU KILLED THESE WOMEN BASED ON THEIR RACE
        
        even in the title of this film, race feels like it is being used as the scapegoat for the fucked up stuff that white people do because of their racism towards and fetishization of Asians
      - i think like to an extent this also did paint him as a bad guy, he was walking unnaturally and butchering with a cigarette sitting at the edge of his mouth
        
        but thats also all framing, like he was positioned to be walking in an "unnatural" way because the film wanted to other him. he had a cigarette in his mouth so he would be positioned initially by the viewer as dirty, scary, or otehrwise lesser
- - - - she literally blows everything up
        
        kora and krii barely escape
        
        kora has to use the lift herself (even though she is a starfish? like shouldnt she have regenerated?)
        
        now she is a tree and the starfish at the same time