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Mt Merapi 2010 - Coggle Diagram
Mt Merapi 2010
Facts
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More than 3/4 of Indonesia's population lives within 100km of a volcano that has erupted in the last 10,000 years
Indonesia has suffered more eruptions causing fatalities (114) and damage to infrastructure than any other country in the world
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Indonesia's culture, history and personal experience of its people are closely tied to volcanoes
Tectonic setting
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Much of Indonesia is formed by the subduction of the Indo-Australian plate underneath the Eurasian plate
To the east, the continental shelf of northern Australia is in collision of the Eurasian plate, causing very high levels of seismicity and volcanicity
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In the north of Sumatra, lake Toba fills the caldera caused by the eruption from a 70,000 year old super-volcano eruption
2010
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Pyroclastic flows extended 4km to the north, 11.5km to the west, 7km to the east and 15km to the south
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Erupted at the start of the rainy season, triggering lahars fed by ash from the eruption and previous eruptions
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What
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Highly active with eruptions in 1994, 1997, 2001, 2006
Each eruption developed a dome in the crater which eventually collapsed, producing pyroclastic flows
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Impacts
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410,000 people in the vicinity became refugees
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Ash fall and pyroclastic flows (130 million m³ of material) destroyed crops and infrastructure like buildings, power lines and bridges