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Biomass and fusion power - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Wood and wood processing wastes—firewood, wood pellets, and wood chips, lumber and furniture mill sawdust and waste, and black liquor from pulp and paper mills
      - Agricultural crops and waste materials—corn, soybeans, sugar cane, switchgrass, woody plants, and algae, and crop and food processing residues
      - Biogenic materials in municipal solid waste—paper, cotton, and wool products, and food, yard, and wood wastes
      - Animal manure and human sewage
  - - - Direct combustion (burning) to produce heat
      - Thermochemical conversion to produce solid, gaseous, and liquid fuels
      - Chemical conversion to produce liquid fuels
      - Biological conversion to produce liquid and gaseous fuels
      - Direct combustion is the most common method for converting biomass to useful energy. All biomass can be burned directly for heating buildings and water, for industrial process heat, and for generating electricity in steam turbines
  - - - The use of biomass fuels for transportation and for electricity generation is increasing in many developed countries as a means of avoiding carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use.
      - Biomass continues to be an important fuel in many countries, especially for cooking and heating in developing countries.
      - Biomass is renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals. Biomass was the largest source of total annual U.S. energy consumption until the mid-1800s.
  - - - In 2020, biomass provided about 4,532 trillion British thermal units (TBtu), or about 4.5 quadrillion Btu and equal to about 4.9% of total U.S. primary energy consumption. Of that amount, about 2,101 TBtu were from wood and wood-derived biomass, 2,000 TBtu were from biofuels (mainly ethanol), and 430 TBtu were from the biomass in municipal wastes.
      - The industrial and transportation sectors account for the largest amounts, in terms of energy content, and largest percentage shares of total annual U.S. biomass consumption. The wood products and paper industries use biomass in combined heat and power plants for process heat and to generate electricity for their own use. Liquid biofuels (ethanol and biomass-based diesel) account for most of the transportation sector's biomass consumption.
      - The residential and commercial sectors use firewood and wood pellets for heating. The commercial sector also consumes, and in some cases, sells renewable natural gas produced at municipal sewage treatment facilities and at waste landfills.
      - The electric power sector uses wood and biomass-derived wastes to generate electricity for sale to the other sectors.