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Pathogen entry, causes of Diarrhea (based on Jubbs)
Bovine viral…
Pathogen entry
oral route
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
enteritis
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unabsorb ingesta will be fermented by microflora, thus increase it osmolality , the ingesta will attract water from blood vessel through osmosis , too much water quantity over colon capability to absorb water lead to
DIARRHEA
losses of body fluid
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gross pathology
hyperemia, edema of lamina propria
in some cases, it can also be ulcerative enteritis or hemorrhagic enteritis.
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histopathology
decreased epithelial cell maturation, increased mitotic figures and karyorrhexic debris due to necrosis, variable neutrophils and inflammatory cells, modest villus blunting of small bowel
liver
bacteria release toxins
hepatitis
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gross pathology
The liver is believed to have friable texture, enlarged, and diffusely reddened.
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Acidic environment, hydrochloric acid
Kills bacteria (but not all), eg, E.coli can adapt and survive in low pH environment
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causes of Diarrhea (based on Jubbs)
- Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)
- Bacteroides fragilis-associated
- bovine coronovirus/herpesvirus/torovirus
- Chlamydophila infection
- Chronic erosive colitis (cat)
- Cryptosporidium parvum
- enterotoxigenic E. coli
- rotavirus
- salmonellosis