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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS -…
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
LIBERALISM AND CAPITALISM
Economic liberalism
Theory based on Adam Smith ideas
Freedom of production and free trade for economic growth
State not interfere economic activity
Manufacturers produce the goods they want
Free competition between business
merchants free import and export of goods
Industrial capitalism
System puts in practice economic liberalism
Industrial production
Characteristics
Interests: Served interest of wealthy captalists and business owners
Objectives: Produce profits and be reinvested in business
Consequences: Increase of social inequalities
CLASS-BASED SOCIETY
Origin in economic and political changes during last 18th century revolutions
Industrial Rebolution increased the importance of the wealthy bourgeoisie
New social group appeared: Proletariat
Society divided three groups:
Middle class
Lawyers, doctors, civil servants, small merchants, artisans and farmers with lands
Working class: Live under extreme poverty conditions
Proletariat and agricultural workers
Upper class: High levels of income, wealth and property
Bourgeois capitalists and nobility
Social class depended on property, wealth and income
Society was open
In theory everybody equal under the law
In practice great inequalities
WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
Bourgeois capitalists industralization
Working class terrible conditions of live and of work
Worked 14-16 hours
Employers could dismiss and fine workes without restrictions
No right to protst
No social insurance
1811 Luddites
1829 Trade unions
1838 Chartist movement
Protests against factory owners
LEFT-WING IDEOLOGIES
Marxism
Class struggle
The dictatorship of the proletariat
Communism
Anarchism
Individual freedom
Direct action
1864 International Workingmen's Association
1889 Second International
1876 First International