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Challenges of Latin America during the 19th and 20th Centuries., LATIN…

- - - - This movement was one of the great in Latin America and in which the freedom of colonization and the independence of the countries was achieved.
        This movement began in the xlx century where countries were still colonized by Spain but that was until 2 great events that happened.
        1) The Spanish empire went into decline (Because Spain was conquered by Napoleon)
        2) The French Revolution (One of the strongest causes for this movement since its liberal ideas reached the continent)
        
        Thanks to these 2 events, many obtained the desire to become independent from Spain, so in 1815 two Creoles, Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin (2 very important characters) rose up in several battles against the royalist troops in favor of independence and freedom.
        After several battles came the final battle (Battle of Ayacucho) where the two fight and triumph, thus liberating the other countries and making Spain independent (except Cuba and Puerto Rico and Brazil that did years later) and thus the countries become independent. and the Latin American countries appear on the current map
        It was hard but it was achieved and thanks to that we are who we are now.
- - - - Operation Condor was a global campaign in 1975 of violent repression and state terrorism against the Latin American backed by the United States. This have as objective coordinate repression among the countries of the Southern Cone that operated from the mid-1970s until the early eighties. It aimed to persecute and eliminate political, social, trade-union and student activists from Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil.
        Thanks to this, dark times came in these countries where people were kidnapped, disappeared, tortured or even killed, for which these events and the Condor operation were considered one of the greatest massacres for Latin America.
        
        Some estimates are that 50,000 were killed; 30,000 "disappeared"; and 400,000 arrested and imprisoned.
        These times were horrible but fortunately order was reestablished and was put end to this great massacre
    - - Diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States have been influenced by mutual interest, but after the Cuban Revolution of 1959, relations deteriorated substantially, and since then they have been marked by tension and confrontation.
    - - The "Dirty War" was a war that took place in Argentina in 1976 to 1983.
        This war was conducted by the army or the secret police against revolutionary insurgents, terrorists and suspected left-wing political opponents.
        What mainly marked this war was the use of the kidnapping, torture and murder regime, with members of the civilian population (often as victims).
        At the end of this war, the forced disappearance of 480 people was registered and between 10,000 and 30,000 citizens were killed.
        
        Without a doubt this was one of the biggest massacres that could have happened and which brought a lot of despair, fear and horror in those times.
    - - In Latin America the government was very bad at the time.
        Authoritarian governments and coups d'état followed one another in several Latin American countries during the second half of the 20th century. Natural disasters, military coups and tyrant rulers mark its history.
        In these years, Latin America was full of dictators (a single person governs with total power, without submitting to any type of limitations and with the power to enact and modify laws at will.) Which left millions of victims and a lot of chaos,deaths and destructions. The wounds were so deep that the footprint of these systems of government is still very marked in most countries today.
        
        Among some examples we have: François Duvalier, Fidel Castro, Augusto Pinochet, Jorge Rafael Videla, Somoza Dynasty, Alfredo Stroessner among many others, they led their countries to misery and caused great destruction in them.
    - - Latin America has suffered from some extremely violent and destabilizing intrastate conflicts.
        The civil wars arose for the liberation of the countries for independence and were very strong, violent and bloody in which there were many hard confrontations and a lot of massacre but in addition to independence there were also other civil wars, mainly due to the issue of politics.
        Latin America has been the scene of fourteen civil wars during the post-World War II era, thirteen of which have now ended.
        
        Countries like Argentina, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay and Peru were some of the countries in which there were civil wars in Latin America.
        The civil wars of Latin America in some depth would not only allow us to better understand the circumstances in which such conflicts end, but also the institutional results to which they give rise.