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Organizational Behaviour - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Job Performance
        
        Citizenship behaviors are individual, discretionary actions by employees that are outside their formal job description
        
        Counter productive behaviours: Employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment
        
        Task performance: The behaviors that are directly involved in converting organizational resources into the commodities or services that an organization generates
        
        definition :The worth of a collection of behaviors that contribute to the achievement of organizational goals, either favorably or adversely.
      - Organizational commitment
        
        is a desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of an organization.
        
        Affective commitment: A desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of an organization because of an emotional attachment to, and involvement with
        
        continuance commitment: A desire on the part of an employee to stay a member of a company because of the costs of quitting it.
        
        Normative Commitment: feeling of obligation of employee to stay in one company.
        
        Organizational commitment: an organization’s member’s psychology towards his/her attachment to the organization that he/she is working for
        
        four types of employees:
        
        High organizational commitment with High task performance, Low organizational commitment with High task performance, and Low organizational commitment with Low task performance
        
        two types of withdraw:
        
        psychological and physical
        
        to reduce withdraw behaviours of employees: Protect job security, Provide rewards, Improve work conditions, Minimize politics.
- - - - Personality and Cultural Values
        
        personality: The structures and propensities inside a person that explain his or her characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior
        
        Personality comes from two different aspects: your genetics and your environment.
        
        Cultural Values: Shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture. Cultural values provide societies with their own distinctive personalities.
      - Ability
        
        definition: People's reasonably stable talents to do a specific set of related but distinct activities.
        
        Cognitive Ability: Capabilities connected to problem-solving knowledge acquisition and application.
        
        Emotional Intelligence: Capabilities related to the management and use of emotions when interacting with others. Labels as EQ or IQ
        
        How to measure: Wonderlic Personnel Test
        
        Emotional Intelligence  meaning having self awareness: The ability of an individual to understand the types of emotions he/she is experiencing, the willingness to acknowledge them, and the capability to express them accurately
        
        Physical Ability: strength, stamina, flexibility coordination phsycomotor, and sensory.
      - Learning and Decision Making
        
        Learning: Permanent changes in an employee’s knowledge or skill that result from experience
        
        Methods of Learning: Reinforcement, Observation, Goal orientation.
        
        Decision Making
        
        To solve an issue, the process of creating and selecting from a collection of choices.
        
        Common reasons for making bad decisions:
        
        Limited information
        
        Faulty perceptions : Heuristics and biases
        
        Faulty attributions
        
        Escalation of commitment: The decision to continue to follow a failing course of action
    - - team: A team consists of two or more people who work interdependently over some time period to accomplish common goals.
        
        types:
        
        work teams
        
        management teams
        
        parallel teams
        
        Action teams
      - composition
        
        member roles
        
        member ability
        
        member personality
        
        team diversity
        
        team size
  - - - The degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.
      - Four-Component Model of Ethical Decision Making: Moral judgment, moral awareness, moral intent, and ethical behaviour.
    - - Distributive justice
      - Procedural justice
      - Interpersonal justice
      - Informational justice
- - - - Expectancy theory:
        
        Motivation is fostered when the employee believes three things: That effort will result in performance, That performance will result in outcomes, That those outcomes will be valuable
        
        Goal setting theory: Motivation is fostered when employees are given specific and difficult goals rather than no goals, easy goals, or “do your best” goals.
        
        Equity theory : Motivation is maximized when an employee’s ratio of “outcomes” to “inputs” matches those of some “comparison other.” the motivation also depends on the outcomes received by other employees.
        
        Psychological empowerment : An intrinsic form of motivation derived from the belief that one’s work tasks are contributing to some larger purpose.
- - - - Teams: Processes and Communication
        
        the definition of team processes: Reflects the various types of activities and interactions that take place within teams and contribute to the teams' overall objectives.
        
        taskwork processes:
        
        creative behavior
        
        decision making
        
        Hierarchical sensitivity: the degree of the leader effectively weighs the recommendations of the members.
        
        Staff validity: the degree to which members make good recommendations to the leader
        
        Decision informity: member's adequete information
        
        boundary spanning
        
        Ambassador activities
        
        Task coordinator activities
        
        Scout activities
        
        teamwork processes:
        
        Interpersonal Processes
        
        Action Processes
        
        Transition Processes
        
        team states:
        
        Mental models
        
        Transactive memory
        
        Potency
        
        Cohesion
  - - - definition of leadership: The use of power and influence to direct the activities of followers toward goal achievement
      - definition of power: The ability to influence others
        
        types of power:
        
        Organizational power: Legitimate, Reward, and Coercive Power.
        
        Personal Power: Expert power, Referent power.
      - Contingency Factors
        
        Good leader power:
        
        Low substitutability可替代性
        
        High discretion慎重
        
        High centrality 中心度
        
        High visibility能見度
- - - - Leader ingroup have 3 Characters: greater mutual trust, greater respect, and higher felt obligation.
      - Leader Decision-Making Styles: (from higher follower control to higher leader control)
        
        Delegative style
        
        Faciliitative style
        
        Consultan style
        
        AUtocratic style
      - leadership behaviour: Day-to-Day Behaviors 
        
        Initiating Structure
        
        Consideration
      - Transformational Leadership
        
        Intellectual stimulation
        
        Intellectual stimulation
        
        Inspirational motivation
        
        Idealized influence