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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS, Santa Hermandad, Joanna la Beltraneja,…
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
Catholic Monarchs
Isabella I of Castilla
Ferdinand II of Aragón
end of the 15th century
authoritarian monarchy
Iberian Peninsula
also happened in
England
France
The Dynastic Union Of Castilla And Aragón
1474
started a civil war
followers of Isabella
support of Aragón
followers of his daughter
supported by Portugal
Joanna la Beltraneja
1479 ended
victory of Isabella
King of Castilla died
1479
dynastic union of Castilla and Aragón
Each kingdom retained its own
language
currency
laws
internal boundaries
institutions
It is known as the Hispanic Monarchy
Ferdinand became the King of Aragón
1469
Isabella of Castilla married Ferdinand the Crown Prince of Aragón
Domestic Reforms
Reduce the autonomy of the kingdoms
position of viceroy was created
represented the monarchs
in their kingdoms in their absence
it's a figure
The Inquisition
reformed in Aragón
persecute false conversions
religious court controlled by the Crown
established in Castilla, 1478
power of General Courts was reduced
Restrict the autonomy
in Aragón
sortition system
was maintained
local governors selected by lottery
in Castilla
monarchs appointed the mayors
Weaken the power of the nobility
territories
Aragón and Navarra
officials replaced nobles
Council of Castilla was important
royal treasury
tax collection
greater powers to
administrate
control
Pope allowed to
place Military Orders under the monarchs' control
specific matters
The Council of the Supreme Inquisition
faith
matters concerning morals
The Castilian
managed by Council of Military Orders
an army was formed to
overpower the militias of the nobility
in rural Castilla a militia was created
to fight crime
keep the peace
Santa Hermandad
judicial system of Castilla was restructured
audiencias (appellate courts) of
Granada
Valladolid
judges appointed the kings
Improve international relations
The diplomatic corps
was expanded
represented the monarchs
centralise power
Pact tradition
the king made decisions
with the approval of regional institutions
Castilla became authoritarian
Religious Policy
Jews
Christians believed that Jews offended God
Christians owed them money
15th century, this anti-Semitism increased
1492, the monarchs forced Christianity
didn't obey had
leave their homes
Sephardic Jews
sell their assets at a loss
agreed to convert
were investigated
were known as conversos (converts)
persecuted by the Christians
Mudéjars
expelled from
Aragón in 1526
Castilla in 1502
who converted
persecuted by the Inquisition
Moriscos
Cardinal Cisneros forced to baptise
revolted in Alpujarras (Andalucía)
negative impact on agriculture
Muslims who lived in Christian territories
Monarchs’ political objectives
prevent revolts and internal divisions
Jews and Muslims were expelled
establish religious unity in their domains
Foreign Policy
Military
Iberian Peninsula
In 1512, Ferdinand conquered Navarra
prevent an alliance with France
part of the Crown of Castilla
In 1492, Boabdil
surrendered last Muslim state on the Peninsula
ruler of Granada
Outside the Iberian Peninsula
1503, Italy
secured the Aragónese territories
Sicily
Sardinia
Naples
forces of Gonzalo Fernández
defeated French at the battles of
Garigliano
Cerignola
The Atlantic Ocean
The Canary Islands
Christopher Columbus
stop off point
first voyage to the Americas in 1492
1478-1496, Guanches were conquered
Northern Africa
Between 1497 and 1510
various enclaves were conquered
Melilla
Oran
Bugia
Portugal conquered Ceuta
military conquests
Diplomatic
political agreements or alliances
marry their children to
other European kingdoms
kings and princes
Union with Portugal
monarchs married Isabella of Aragón to King Manuel I of Portugal
Their son, Miguel and his mother died
María married the widowed king
1493, Isolation of France
monarchs married their children to
English princes
France's enemy
governed Austria and Burgundy
Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire
agreement with France
France continued to be their main enemy
territories of Roussillon and Cerdanya returned to Aragón
Main objectives
Isolation of France
Crown of Aragón
consolidation in Mediterranean
expansion across Atlantic
unification of Iberian Peninsula
Economy And Society
Crown of Castilla
Burgos Consulate
to control
exportation of wool
to textile industries
Flanders
England
Cantabrian ports
1494
Spanish textile
developed to cover domestic demand
Honrado Concejo de la Mesta
Monarchs received taxes
association of shepherds had numerous privileges
from wool trade
cañadas reales
protected flocks traveling
Agriculture
Andalucía mantained
olive groves
substantial vineyards
suffered increase of
livestock farming
pasture land
replacing land of growing crops
Transhumance livestock farming
developed
shepherds migrated
new pastures
north in summer and south in winter
exportation of wool
Precious metals
from Americas
16th century
main source of wealth
gold and silver
Crown of Aragón
Trade in Mediterranean
benefitted from
feudal abuses
taxes, fines...
peasant uprising
monarchs
shipbuilding
textile industry
placing taxes
protected local industries
Italian territories
main ports
Barcelona
Valencia
War of the Remences
ended in 1486
stopping the feudal abuses
Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe
Ferdinand the Catholic'
14th century
taxes, fines...
peasant uprising
imposed by the feudal lords
abuses of the nobility
feudal abuses
Economic and demographic crises
cereal farming declined
source of conflict
14th century
Art And Culture
Universities and printing press
Cardinal Cisneros
Complutensian Polyglot Bible
4 languages
Greek
Hebrew
Latin
Chaldean
Alcalá de Henares University
Most important humanist
converted Jew
escaped the Inquisition
Juan Luis Vives
proposed social services for
poor
education
Castilian language
Antonio de Nebrija
historian
1492, first grammar
philologist
Gothic artistic style
sculpture
Domenico Fancelli
Tomb of the Catholic Monarch
architecture
Isabelline style
Cisneros style
painting
Pedro Berruguete
Catholic Monarchs
Renaissance ideas
traditions maintained importance
new humanist
