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The reign of the catholic monarchs - Coggle Diagram
The reign of the catholic monarchs
The dynastic union of Castilla and aragón
Isabella, the half-sister of Henry IV of Castilla, married Ferdinand
When the King of Castilla died in 1474, a civil war broke out between the followers of his daughter and those of Isabella
Ferdinand became the King of Aragón after the death of his father
This resulted in the dynastic union of Castilla and Aragón
As a single state was not created, it is referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy
Domestic reforms
The Catholic Monarchs carried out a series of domestic reforms to centralise power
The number of royal officials was increased
To weaken the power of the nobility
A permanent army was formed with professional soldiers
Permission was obtained from the Pope to place Military Orders under the monarchs' control
Territories. The most important one was the Council of Castilla
Specific matters. The Castilian military orders were managed by the Council of Military Orders
The royal treasury was given greater powers
Councils of experts were appointed to advise the monarchs
The judicial system of Castilla was restructured through the audiencias
To reduce the autonomy
The power of the General Courts was reduced
The position of viceroy was created
The Inquisition was established in the kingdom of Castilla
To restrict the autonomy of the urban oligarchies
In Castilla, the monarchs appointed the mayors
In Aragón, the sortition system, where local governors were selected by lottery
To improve international relations
The diplomatic corps, which represented the monarchs in other kingdoms
The Crown of Aragón maintained the pact tradition
Religious Policy
One of the Catholic Monarchs’ main political objectives was to establish religious unity in their domains
The Jews
Were persecuted by the Christian population towards the end of the Middle Ages
Those who did not obey had to sell their assets at a loss and leave their homes
They are known as Sephardic Jews
The Mudéjar
Were Muslims who lived in Christian territories
Those who converted were known as Moriscos and they were also persecuted by the Inquisition
Foreign Policy
The Catholic Monarchs' main objectives were the unification of the Iberian Peninsula, the isolation of France
Diplomatic
The monarchs formed political agreements or alliances by marrying their children to the kings and princes of other European kingdoms
Union with Portugal
The monarchs married their oldest daughter, Isabella of Aragón Isabella of Aragón, to King Manuel I of Portugal
Isolation of France
In 1493 an agreement was reached with France in which the territories of Roussillon and Cerdanya were returned to Aragón
Their son, Miguel, was due to inherit the three kingdoms,
Military
The Catholic Monarchs carried out a series of military conquests
On the Iberian Peninsula
In 1492, after a ten year war, Boabdil, the ruler of the kingdom of Granada, surrendered the last existing Muslim state on the Peninsula
In 1512, Ferdinand the Catholic' conquered Navarra to prevent it from forming an alliance with France
Outside the Iberian Peninsula
Northern Africa
Between 1497 and 1510, various enclaves which Berber pirates operated from were conquered
Italy
The forces of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba the forces of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdobade feated the French at the battles of Cerignola and Garigliano
The Atlantic Ocean
The Canary Islands were conquered following the subjugation of their inhabitants
Economy and society
After the serious economic and demographic crises of the 14th century, cereal farming, which the economy was based on, went into decline
Crown of Castilla
The exportation of wool was very important. Transhumance livestock farming developed, meaning the shepherds migrated with their flocks of sheep between seasons in search of new pastures
In 1494, Burgos Consulate was founded to control the exportation of wool from the Cantabrian portsto the textile industries of Flanders and England, among others
The Spanish textile industry developed just enough to cover domestic demand
Crown of Aragón
As in Castilla, the crisis of the 14th century provoked an increase in the abuses of the nobility
Trade in the Mediterranean benefitted from the incorporation of Italian territories into the Crown of Aragón
Art and culture
During the Catholic Monarchs' reign, new humanist and Renaissance ideas spread from Europe
The founding of new universities and the spread of the printing press
The increase in the importance of the Castilian language
The most important humanist was Juan Luis Vives
The Gothic artistic style was maintained
