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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS -…
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
LIBERALISM AND CAPITALISM
Economic liberalism
Based on the ideas of Adam Smith
Freedom of production
Free trade
The state doesn't interfee in the economis activity
Industrial Capitalism
Puts in parctise the ideas of economic liberalism
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
Most important economic activity
CHARACTERISTICS
Interests
Wealthy bourgeoisie
Business owners
Objectives
Produce profits to be reinvented in business
CONSEQUENCES
Increase of social inequalities
Unemployment
Poor working conditions
People losing jobs
CLASS-BASED SOCIETY
ORIGIN
Political and economic changes during the revolution in the late 18th century
Result of the French Revolution
Dissolved of the estates system and the privileges of the bourgeoisie
Result of the Industrial Revolution
Increase the importance of the wealthy bourgeoisie
Owners of the factories
New group of industrial workers
PROLETARIAT
CHARACTERISTICS
Upper class
High levels of property, weath and income
NOBILITY, BOURGEOIS CAPITALISTS
Middle class
Civil servants
Lawyers
Doctors
Small servants
Artisants
Farmers with lands
Working class
Extreme conditions of living and working
Proletariat
Agricultural labourers
Determinated by profesion
Wealth
Income
Wages
Ownership of the factories and business
Open Society
In theory, all citizens equal
In practise, great economic inequalities
WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
An increase of the social and economic diferences of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie
Bourgeois capitalists
Industrialitation
An improved standar of living
Comfortable homes
Good education for their childreen
Healthcare
Leisure activities
The working-class
Terrible conditions
Machinery unprotected
14-16 hours a day
Childreen and women worked
Lower wages
Employers could dismiss, and fine workers
Didn't have the right to protest
There wasn't social insure or benefits for workers
LUDDITES
1811
Hostile to new technology
Protests by destroying the machines
TRADE UNIONS
1820s
Workers associations
Improved of working conditions
Help for the workers in cases of: accident, illness and unemployment
Better wages
CHARTIST MOVEMENT
1838
Political changes
Universal Manhood Sufrage
Laws to improve working conditions
LEFT-WING IDEOLOGIES
Mid 19th century
Promote interests of the working-class
Offering alternatives for the industrial capitalism and the class-based society
MARXISM
Developed by Karl Marx and Friedich Engels
Communist Manifiesto (1848)
The Capital (1864)
IDEAL SOCIETY
Class struggle
Economic relations
Produce in order to survive
A few people own the means of production
Class conflict
Workers don't receive as much as they produce
Owners of the factories received the surplus value
Diference between the value of the product and the wage received by the workers
The oppresive proletariat organised agaist the weathy bourgeoisie
Dictatorship of the proletariat
Workers take the power
There wouldn't be private property
Control the economy and redistributed the wealth along members of the society
Workers own the means of production
The State control how the means of production wouls be use
The State regulates the production and the working conditions
ANARCHIST
Developed by Mikahil Bakunin
Rejected the dictatorship of the proletariat
IDEAL SOCIETY
Individual Freedom
Fight agaist any aouthority that limited their freedom
Communes
Direct action
Defend their interests and figth for their freedom
Own actions
For some Anarchists included
Violent attacks
Murder
FIRST INTERNATIONAL
Worker's associations
The campaigned IWA
Encouraged of the collective means of production
Trade unions
Political parties that advocated worker's rights
1864
Dissolved 1889
Conflicts between marxists and anarchists
SECOND INTERNATIONAL
1889
Paris
An eight-hour working day
1 May: International day of protests for the worker's rights
8 March: International Women's Day
Dissolved 1914
First World War