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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS - Coggle…
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
liberalism and capitalism
economic liberalism
theory based on adam's smith ideas
manufacturers free to produce
merchants able to import/export goods
free competition between businesses (better products and lower prices)
state shouldn't interfere with economic activities
free production & free trade essential for economic growth
industrial capitalism
puts in practice economic liberalism (industrial production most important economic activity)
objective: products reinvested in business
consequences: increase social inequalities
interest: wealthy capitalists & business owners
class-based society
origins: late 18th
clergy/nobility privileges abolished
estates system disappeared
wealthy bourgeoisie: owners of factories/businesses
new working group:
proletariat
UPPER CLASS: wealthy capitalists
MIDDLE CLASS
WORKING CLASS: extremely poor proletariat
social class:profession and wealth
open society
everyone equal (in theory)
working-class political movements
bourgeois capitalists
wealth & luxuries
working class
accidents common by machines
worked 14-16 hours/day
wages very low
no social insurance
political movements
LUDDITES
protested by destroying machines in factories
TRADE UNIONS
associations of workers
improve conditions
better wages
help members with illnesses
CHARTIST MOVEMENTS
demanded political changes
universal manhood suffrage
left-wing ideologies
MARXISM
/socialism
class strugle
by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
books
The Capital
The Communist Manifesto
dictatorship of the proletariat
communism
ANARCHISM
communes
direct action
individual freedom
INTERNATIONAL WORKINGMEN'S ASSOCIATION
First International
Second International