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Endocrine System- Kaylyn Ganiron (p.5) - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System- Kaylyn Ganiron (p.5)
MAJOR FUNCTIONS
producing and monitoring hormones
metabolism
blood glucose
development of brain and nervous system
reproduction
MAJOR ORGANS & GLANDS
2 major glands:
Exocrine
secretes products (exterior)
ex. tear gland
Endocrine
secrete hormones (interior)
ex. pineal gland
major organs:
pituitary (master gland)
anterior control: grow, stress, milk production, and reproduction
posterior control: stores hormones and releases hormones into the blood
thyroid: secretion of thyroid hormones, regulate blood calcium level, and bone growth
parathyroid: release of calcium into bloodstream
adrenal
produced hormones: cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine
regulates: blood pressure, immune system, metabolism, and reaction to stress
pancreas: digestive and hormonal functions, control level of blood glucose
pineal: produces melatonin, synchronize our body's daily rhythms and may induce sleep (circadian rhythms)
reproductive (ovaries/ testes):
ovaries: produce estrogen and progesterone
testes: produce testosterone and sperm
kidneys: conservation of calcium, removes toxins and waste from bloodstream
thymus (largest at child birth): produce white blood cells, damage all abnormal cells
STEROIDS vs. NON-STEROIDS
Steroids
lipid soluble: capable of dissolving in fats, oils, or fatty tissues
carried in the blood stream
located inside the target cell
derived from cholesterol (type of lipid)
Non-Steroids
produced from amino acids (building blocks)
first messenger: combine w/ receptors in target cell membranes; the receptors have a binding site and an activity site
second messenger: the chemicals in the cell that respond to binding of the hormone, and cause changes in the cell
signal transduction: the cascade of biological activity through the cell membrane to the inside, beginning w/ the binding of the hormone
NEGATIVE & POSITIVE FEEDBACK
Positive
increased hormone secretion is enhanced to produce even more hormones
ex. child birth & blood clot
Negative
hormone level increases... hormone exerts its effects... further secretion is inhibited by negative feedback
ex. regulation of the blood calcium level
DISEASES
Type 1 diabetes:
insulin dependent
insulin production decreases or stops
Type 2 diabetes
noninsulin dependent
insulin is produced but is not recognized by cells
Hypothyroidism:
underactivity of thyroid gland
low metabolic rate, fatigue, and weight gain in adults
Hyperthyroidism:
overactivity of thyroid gland
eye protrusion (bulging eyes)
Hypoparathyroidism:
deficiency of PTH
decrease in blood calcium
Hyperthyroidism:
excess of PTH
increase in blood calcium
Pituitary dwarfism:
GH deficiency during childhood
below average height
Gigantism:
extreme height
GH over secretion during childhood
Acromegaly:
GH over secretion in adulthood
over growth of body tissue