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Scientific Advance and Cultural Changes - Coggle Diagram
Scientific Advance and Cultural Changes
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The second half of the 20th century was characterized by the accelerated advance of science and
technology. The discovery of penicillin was an important milestone in the development of
innovative medicines and surgical procedures. Then organ transplants came, which are now very
common. In the field of biology, the great advance has been studies on the human genome. For
some decades now, DNA has been used as an instrument for identifying parents and children and
as evidence in criminal cases.
SPACE RACE
In the fifties the space race began. In
1957, the USSR launched the first
artificial satellite around the Earth:
Sputnik. Then, they put Laika the dog
in orbit and, finally, in 1961, the first
man to orbit the Earth in a
spaceship: Yuri Gagarin. For its part,
the United States also launched its
first satellite in 1958. During those years, both countries carried out space exploration programs
AGITATION AND PROTEST
The social, political and technological changes were reflected in a society that seemed to want to
break with the past. The young people created their own culture of protest, which spread to
various fields. From the 1950s, new forms of popular music shook societies, especially in youth.
In several industrialized countries the hippie movement developed, advocating peace and nonviolence, and rejecting the values of consumer society. The use of drugs, especially marijuana,
became an escape and protest mechanism.
THE STUDENT REVIVAL
The year 1968 was particularly eventful. Student protest movements broke out in various places.
In California, Paris and elsewhere, young people filled the walls of the city with slogans such as
"down with common sense." The movements had no subsequent organization or continuity, but
they left a deep mark on the history of the 20th century.
RELIGIOUS RENEWAL
From the war, there was a renewal of the Protestant churches.
But the most important transformation took place in the Catholic
Church, which had remained anchored in the past for centuries.
Pope John XXII I convened the Second Vatican Ecumenical
Council, which began in 1962. He issued declarations on freedom
of conscience and the role of the Church, and authorized the
celebration of ceremonies in their own languages, instead of
Latin, in order to adapt Catholicism to the modern world.