Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Endocrine System Gabriela Orellana P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System
Gabriela Orellana
P.5
Major functions of the endocrine system:
Metabolism
Growth and Development
Emotions and Mood
Fertility and Sexual Function
Sleep
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions:
Head:
Hyporthalamus
Pineal Gland
(melatonin):
Sleep
Neck:
Thyroid Gland:
(T3,T4)
Energy
Calcitonin
Calcium
Parathyroid gland
(PTH):
Calcium from bones
Chest:
Thymus
(Thymosins):
Immune System
Heart:
Secretes atrial natriuretic peptide
Abdomen:
Kidney:
Secrete erythropoietin for blood cell production
Stomatch
Pancreas:
Insulin:
Glucose
Glucagon:
Blood Sugar
Adrenal Gland:
Cortisol:
Blood Glucose
Sex Hormones:
Reproductive tract
Epinephrine:
Heart rate
Aldosterone:
Maintain Blood pressure
Mid Body:
Male:
Testes:
Testosterone
Male Reproductive
Female:
Ovaries:
Estrogen
Female Reproductive
Compare and contrast steroid vs. non-steroid hormones:
Steroid: Derived from cholesterol
Steroid:
Formed From:
Cholesterol
Examples:
Estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisole
Non-steroid: amines, peptides, proteins, or glycoproteins,
which are produced from amino acids
Amines:
Formed From:
Amino acids
Example:
Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, thyroid hormones
Peptides:
Formed From:
Amino acids
Examples:
Antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Polypeptides and proteins:
Formed From:
Amino acids
Examples:
Parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, prolactin
Glycoproteins:
Formed From:
Protein and carbohydrate
Examples:
Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation (negative and positive feedback)
Negative Feedback:
Liteinizing Hormone:
(LH)
Secretion of sex hormone
Follicle-stimulating Hormone:
(FSH)
Responsible for the development of egg-containing follicles in ovaries and stimulates follicular cells to secret estrogen (males: Production of sperm cells)
Growth Hormone:
(GH)
Stimulates an increase in the size and division rate of the body cells, enhances movement of amino acids across membranes
Prolactin:
(PRL)
Sustains milk production after birth
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone:
(TSH)
Controls secretion of hormones from thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone:
(TSH)
Controls secretion of certain hormones from adrenal cortex
Positive Feedback:
Oxytocin:
(OT)
Contracts smooth muscle in the uterine wall, Contracts myoepithelial cells associated with milk-secreting glands
Antidiuretic Hormone:
(ADH)
Causes kidneys to conserve water, high concentration constricts blood vessels
Diseases associated with the endocrine system:
Thyroid Disorders:
Hypothyroidism:
-Underactivity of the thyroid gland
Adults: Causes low metabolic rate, fatigue and weight gain
-Infants: Causes cretinism which is poor growth and bone formation, abnormal mental development, sluggishness
Hyperthyroidism:
-Overactivity of the thyroid gland
-Causes high metabolic rate, restlessness, overeating in adults
-May lead to eye protrusion (exophthalmia)
Parathyroid Hormone Disorders:
Hypoparathyroidism:
-Deficiency of PTH, due to surgical removal or injury to glands resulting in a decrease in blood calcium
Hyperparathyroidism:
-Excess of PTH, perhaps due to parathyroid tumor resulting in an increase in blood calcium
Adrenal Hormones Disorders:
Addison Disease:
Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Cushing syndrome:
Hypersecretion of adrenal cortical hormones
Diabetes Mellitus:
A metabolic disease due to lack of insulin or the inability of cells to recognize insulin
Type 1 (Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, (IDDM)
-An autoimmune disorder, in which beta cells are destroyed, so insulin production decreases or stops
Type 2 (Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, (NIDDM)*
-When insulin is produced but is not recognized by cells