Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System
BLOOD VESSELS STRUCTURE
Arteries :
- Transport blood away from heart
- Thicker tunica
- Smooth muscle – able to change the lumen(space inside)
- More elastin – easily stretch and recoil
- Higher pressure of blood
Veins :
- Return blood back to the heart
- Smaller tunica media
- Tunica Adventitia is thickest layer
- Have larger lumen (space inside) for increased blood volume
- Tunica intima (inner layer) – adapted to include pocket valves
- Pocket valves - to stop blood traveling back
Capillaries :
- Located between arteries and veins
- One cell thick,
- Allow oxygen,
- Carbon dioxide and nutrients to pass into the muscles and cells.
Arterioles :
- Provide link between arteries and capillaries
- Smaller diameter than arteries, still able to adjust diameter
- At the end of the arterioles just before it becomes a capillary is a ring of muscles (Pre-capillary sphincter PCS)
- PCS can contract and divert blood away from the capillary
Arteries and Veins have 3 layers.
- Tunica adventitia/external (outer layer)
- Tunica media (Middle layer)
- Tunica intima with central lumen (inner layer)
Venules :
- Vein version of arterioles
- Collect blood together before emptying into the veins
- Pressure in venules relies on the flow of blood to keep it moving
3 main types : Arteries, Veins and Capillaries.
Pocket valves :
- Formed from tunica intima
- Only allow blood to flow back towards the heart
- As the blood moves through the veins the valve opens
- As the flow slows or stops the valve closes until flow increases again
VASCULAR SHUNT MECHANISM
- At exercise arterioles and sphincters either increase or decreases in order to change blood flow to get to areas needed
- Muscles benefit the most from VSM as they get more oxygen from increase in cardiac output (CO)
- When resting the distribution is fairly even
- Blood flow to brain stays the same
- heart and skin increased dlow to keep cool
- kidneys and liver have reduced flow
- Heart sends out enough oxygen and nutrients around the body and increases its rate when demand out strips supply
- Vasodilation : Increase in size aloowing more blood through
- Vasoconstriction : decrease in size allowing less blood through
- Redistribution of blood when exercising (VSM)
-
STRUCTURE OF THE HEART
- Aorta (OB lungs to atrium)
- Vena cava (DOB muscles to right atrium)
- Tricuspid valve (Middle right atrium and ventricle)
- Bicuspid valve (Left atrium and ventricle)
- Semilunar pulmonary valve (Under pulmonary artery)
- Semilunar aortic valve (Under pulmonary vein)
- Pulmonary artery (DOB right ventricle to lungs)
- Pulmonary vein (OB left ventricle to muscles)
- Left atrium (OB lungs to left ventricle)
- Right atrium (DOB muscles to right ventricle)
- Left ventricle (OB atrium to muscles)
- Right ventricle (DOB atrium to lungs)
-
BLOOD COMPONENTS
-
Plasma - 50% of blood volume enables cells to travel around the body quickly and effectively carrying carbon,protein,glycogen and triglycerides
-
-