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Enlightenment and the Colonial Crisis - Coggle Diagram
Enlightenment and the Colonial Crisis
War of the Spanish Succession
End with the Peace of Utrecht - 1713
Philip V won but...
permanently renounced the French throne.
lost some territories
trade premision of slave
18th century
Introduction
Key process
Bourbon Reforms --> movements of independence
contradictions --> economic and demographic boom, while others languished and fell into crisis.
Change of dynasty
Bourbon
to the
Charles II
Philip, Duke of Anjou / Philip V
Bourbon reformsin America
Political reforms
Reinforce real power
Prohibition on creoles to occupy key positions
Territorial reorganization (new limits and jurisdictions, creation of the viceroyalties)
Economical reforms
Colonies will not negotiate between them
They bought everything to Spain.
Alcabalas
Circulation of goods tax
to the Indians who sell
in the markets.
Social reforms
suppression of the Society of Jesus
1767 -Jesuits were expelled form Spanish colonies
Tobacconists
state monopoly of commerce were spreading to more and more products: tobacco, aguardiente, gunpowder, salt, mercury and cards.
Answers to Bourbon reforms
Produced a growing Creole discontent that prop up the beginning of independency
movements
Indigenous uprisings
Tupac Amaru - the largest in Peru (1780-1781) severely repressed
Quito, Mexico, and Upper Peru.
Enlightenment ideas
Dignity of human kind
Sovereign was the people
Equality before the law
Separation of the 3 powers
Enlightenment
Introduction of the scientific method
Society transformation by using science and reason to explain natural phenomena.
French thinkers: summarize all the human knowledge Encyclopedia
France ocuppies Spain
The Spanish people rebelled against King Charles IV in 1808, who abdicated and left as sovereign to
his son, Fernando VII
Napoleon did not give up.
British prevent trade with Europe.
(continental blockade)
Napoleon decided to
submit by force, coercing Spain to that invaded Portugal