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10T6 - Human Reproduction - Coggle Diagram
10T6 - Human Reproduction
Differences between sexual and asexual reproduction
Sexual
Produces variation in offspring
Allows the use of selective breeding
Asexual
Only one parent is needed
Uses less energy and is faster as organisms do not need to find a mate
Lots of genetically identical offspring can be produced
Fertilisation involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo
Structure of male reproductive system
Testes - produce sperm and testosterone
Scrotum - hold testes outside of the body to keep then cool for optimal sperm production
Sperm duct - carries sperm from tested to penis
Seminal vesicle - produces and secretes fluid to provide nutrients for sperm (fluid + sperm = semen)
Bladder- holds urine
Prostate - propels semen into urethra during ejaculation
Urethra - carries semen out of body at ejaculation and carried urine out of the body
Penis - becomes erect to enter the vagina during intercourse
Structure of female reproductive system
Ovary - stores immature ova and produces oestrogen and progesterone
Oviduct (fallopian tube) - tube lined with cilia which carries ovum from ovary towards uterus and the site of fertilisation
Uterus (womb) - where the embryo implants and develops, develops thick lining with excellent blood supply and stronger muscular walls to push baby out during labour
Cervix - Muscular ring that forms neck of uterus that holds developing foetus in uterus and dilates during labour to allow delivery of the baby
Vagina - receives penis during intercourse which ultimately allows fertilisation and allows baby to be delivered during labour
Roles of hormones in the menstrual cycle
Oestrogen - released from the ovary - causes thickening of the uterus lining and stimulates the release of LH
Progesterone - released from the ovary - maintains thickness lining of the uterus, inhibits the release of FSH and LH, stops being released by old follicle at the end of 28-day cycle and continues to be made in placenta if ovum is fertilised
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) - released from the pituitary gland - causes ovum in the ovary to mature, inside a structure called a follicle and stimulates oestrogen production
LH (luteinising hormone) - released from the pituitary gland - causes ovulation
Placenta
Allows diffusion of glucose, oxygen and amino acids form the mothers blood to the developing foetus for growth. Carbon dioxide form the foetus and urea from the foetus are passed into the mothers blood to be removed. It also takes over the production of progesterone
Amniotic fluid
A liquid contained in a bag in the uterus that surrounds the foetus. It protects the foetus and cushions any rough movement
Secondary sexual characteristics
Female: oestrogen
Breast development
Menstrual cycle begins
Growth of body hair
Widening of hips
Increased height
Male: testosterone
Growth of penis and testes
Production of sperm
Growth of facial and body hair
Muscle development
Voice lowering and breaking