Coasts
Erosion
Transportation
Mass Movement
Landforms
Waves
Constructive
Destructive
Depositional
Erosional
Costal Defenses
Hard Engineering
Soft Engineering
Rockfall
Slumping
Sliding
Porus rock, eg, gravel allows water to soak in. Rainwater then infiltrates the gravel, adding weight. Weathering such as freeze-thaw continually weakens the cliff face, then the cliff face is undercut by erosion. The cliff then collapses in a rotational movement, known as rotational slip
Occurs on bare, well-jointed rocks (which are prone to free-thaw weathering). When rocks lose contact with the cliff face, rocks fall from the top of the cliff to the bottom, where they form a scree slope
Layers of rock dip towards the sea, and whole blocks of land slips down towards the sea. This can also be due to freeze thaw weathering
Solution
Hydraulic Action
Abrasion
Attrition
When the seawater dissolves certain types of rocks. In the UK, chalk and limestone cliffs are prone to this type of erosion
The process by which breaking waves compress pockets of air in cracks in a cliff. The pressure causes the crack to widen, breaking off the rock
When boulders transported by waves pump into rock and and break up into smaller pieces
Rocks that the sea is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and more rounded
Solution
Saltation
Suspension
Long Shore Drift
When minerals in rocks like chalk and limestone are dissolved in sea water and then carried in solution. The load is not visible
The process of movement of sediment along the coastline
Where small pieces of shingle or large sand grains are bounced along the seabed
Small particles such as slits and clays are suspended in the flow of water
Low and Far Apart
Low energy
Calm Weather Conditions
Low Wave Height
Strong Swash, Weak Backwash
Strong backwash, weak swash
Stormy Weather conditions
Large Wave Height
High Energy
Weathering
Freeze Thaw
Wetting & Drying
Carbonation
Moisture in the surfaces freezes and expands at night, and thaws in the day. The water gets into rocks that have cracks, when it freezes, pressure builds up and is widened when it melts.
Softer rocks are effected by water. These rocks expand and contract as they become wet and then dry out. as they dry out, cracks develop so that they are more easily penetratable, making it unstable. This leads to landslides
The Chemicals in Rainwater dissolves rock that contains calcium carbonate
Spits
Bars
Tombolos
Bays
Headlands
Caves
Arches
Stacks
Stumps
Beaches
Sea Walls
Groynes
Gabions
Beach Nourishment
Managed Retreat