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Coasts - Coggle Diagram
Coasts
Erosion
Solution
When the seawater dissolves certain types of rocks. In the UK, chalk and limestone cliffs are prone to this type of erosion
Hydraulic Action
The process by which breaking waves compress pockets of air in cracks in a cliff. The pressure causes the crack to widen, breaking off the rock
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Attrition
Rocks that the sea is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and more rounded
Transportation
Solution
When minerals in rocks like chalk and limestone are dissolved in sea water and then carried in solution. The load is not visible
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Mass Movement
Rockfall
Occurs on bare, well-jointed rocks (which are prone to free-thaw weathering). When rocks lose contact with the cliff face, rocks fall from the top of the cliff to the bottom, where they form a scree slope
Slumping
Porus rock, eg, gravel allows water to soak in. Rainwater then infiltrates the gravel, adding weight. Weathering such as freeze-thaw continually weakens the cliff face, then the cliff face is undercut by erosion. The cliff then collapses in a rotational movement, known as rotational slip
Sliding
Layers of rock dip towards the sea, and whole blocks of land slips down towards the sea. This can also be due to freeze thaw weathering
Weathering
Freeze Thaw
Moisture in the surfaces freezes and expands at night, and thaws in the day. The water gets into rocks that have cracks, when it freezes, pressure builds up and is widened when it melts.
Wetting & Drying
Softer rocks are effected by water. These rocks expand and contract as they become wet and then dry out. as they dry out, cracks develop so that they are more easily penetratable, making it unstable. This leads to landslides
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Waves
Constructive
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Strong Swash, Weak Backwash
Destructive
Strong backwash, weak swash
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