Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

TOPIC 7 USA INDEPENDENCE - Coggle Diagram

- - - - DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE – JULY 4TH, 1776
        
        The Continental Congress met in Philadelphia intending to vote for independence
        from England. In anticipation of this vote, Congress selected a committee to draft a declaration of independence. The committee, composed of John Adams,
        Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman, in turn, instructed Thomas Jefferson to write the declaration.
        The declaration of independence is a documentwritten by Thomas Jefferson on July 4th, 1776.
        It proclaimed the right to independence for the American colonies to separate from Great
        Britain.
        
        The declaration of independence starts by describing the reasons why it’s so
        important and required to claim their independence. For example, “All men are created equal”. Human beings must have equal opportunities, and there are
        specified rights that should never be taken, or given away. These rights contain the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Being independent and
        becoming their ruler, the colonies would create a government that abides by these rules.
        
        On July 4, 1776, Congress approved by
        unanimously the Declaration of Independence of the United States. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson,
        and George Washington, who later became presidents of the nation, were among the 56
        members of Congress, in addition to the scientist Benjamin Franklin. During the war, 14 of the signatories died.
        The declaration justified the war. Besides, he presented a long list of complaints against King George III of England. But the most important thing was the
        argument for independence, proclaiming that all men are born equal and they
      - . CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
        
        The First Continental Congress, which was comprised of delegates from the
        colonies, met in 1774 in reaction to the Coercive Acts, a series of measures imposed by the British government on the colonies in response to their resistance
        to new taxes. In 1775, the Second Continental
        Congress convened after the American Revolutionary War (1775-
        83) had already begun.
        
        The situation was festering and
        parting and the war broke out. The first shots were crossed in the town of
        Lexington on April 19, 1775. In May the Second Continental Congress met in first shots were crossed in the town of
        Lexington on April 19, 1775. In May the Second Continental Congress met in rich landowner of Virginia, 43 years old. Washington had some military
        experience, for he had fought for the English against the French and commanded several expeditions against the Indians. When Great Britain realized that it was a
        war and not just a revolt, he sent an army of 30,000 men, under Sir William Howe, to New York, a city that thought itself more favorable to the Crown, leaving Boston
        where they were very unpopular. Howe sought to isolate New England and defeat the rebel army
        in a decisive battle, in the style of the great war movements in Europe. But Washington shied
        away from a battle campal and, rather, used asystem of "guerrilla warfare".
    - - In 1765, the British Parliament needing money
        for the French and Indian War, and passed a law called the Stamp Act. This law said that
        colonists had to buy stamps for legal papers, newspapers, and even playing cards,
        as other British people did. The money from the stamps went to the King. The colonies did not follow this law. The colonies kept
        refusing to do what the King wanted. The Boston Tea Party and Boston Massacre caused people to become angrier about the situation. The British sent
        more soldiers to keep control of the colonies and sometimes had to fight. In 1774, the British passed the Intolerable Acts.
        The bearable relationship of the colonies with Great Britain was shattered by the British Crown's attempt to extract more taxes. It was unhappy because the
        settlers had no representatives in the London Parliament to make their position
        heard. Then, a group of intellectuals began to claim that "without representation,
        there is no imposition", that is, without equal treatment they would not pay taxes This disagreement was aggravated after
        the Seven Years War of England against France (1748-1756), in which the
        inhabitants of the colonies collaboratedwith troops and victuals so that the English
        could seize all the French lands in North America. But the colonies had not deserved
        an improvement in the deal, on the contrary, England responded by raising taxes on sugar, tea, and paperwork.
  - - - THE BRITISH DEFEAT
        
        Great Britain came to have, in 1778, in North America, about 50,000 well-trained
        soldiers, about 18,000 mercenaries Germans they hired for the race; they used half of his powerful fleet; inflicted a series of initial defeats of the settlers, and
        faced an inexperienced army, but the war was not a "triumphant ride" for the British, as they predicted. The Americans were successful in shunning open
        battles and attacking with skirmishes; that made them more dangerous than "if they had a large regular army." It was key, for the revolutionaries, the
        development of the Pennsylvania model rifle, of great precision from more than 80 meters. It was a more effective weapon than the ancient and imprecise
        muskets. The defeat of the British in Saratoga,
        north of New York, in October 1777, was important. From there, France
        arrived openly in the war: supported vrebels with money, arms, and
        ammunition, was still reluctant to direct intervention.
        But a year later, they declared war on England, after a secret agreement with France. Later, Holland also joined the coalition formed by Spain and France.
        In 1781 they surrendered the last English redoubt in Yorktown, in front of a French fleet and a combined French-American army of 16,000 men, under the command
        of George Washington. On September 3, 1783, the treaty was signed by which Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States and returned to
        Spain, France, and Holland several possessions, although Canada maintained.
        George Washington was elected the first president of EE. UU in 1789, under the
        terms of the Constitution of 1787, and the oldest in the world, because it is maintained until now with only a few amendments.
      - AMERICAN REVOLUTION
        
        The battle began on April 19, 1775, in Lexington and
        Concord Massachusetts On June 14, 1775, Also, George Washington takes command of the newly
        designated Continental Army.
        Great Britain realized that was the beginning of a war, so
        appoints William Howe as the leader of his army. From1775 to 1777, Howe commanded the largest
        expeditionary force Britain had ever amassed, confronting the rebel army under George Washington and
        enjoying a string of victories.
    - - A series of peaceful demonstrations,
        especially in Boston, the colonial capital, had no echo. That led a group of discontents to
        form a secret society, the Sons of Liberty, who assaulted, disguised as Indians, three
        ships of the East India Company that had arrived from Great Britain with a large cargo
        of tea. It was December 16, 1773, and after capturing the crew, they threw over 342 barrels overboard with a total of 45 tons of tea, which sank irretrievably.
        This is what is known as El motín de té de Boston.