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Hot, Cold - Coggle Diagram
Hot
Pain
Increases sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity
lowers stimulus threshold for muscle spindle activity
Increases pain threshold
Reduces muscle spasm
Increased diffusion across cell membrane
Better metabolism of waste products
Settings
10-20 minutes
Every 4 hours or 3-4 x daily
Vasodilation
Reflex activation of smooth muscle of blood vessels
thermoreceptors trigger release of chemical mediators
bradykinin
NO
Act as vasoactive mediators
stimulate relaxation of blood vessel walls
Vasodilation
Increased O2 and nutrients
Muscle contraction
Decreases firing rate of gamma efferents
causing stretch on muscle spindles to decrease
Reduces afferent firing from muscle spindles
Decreases alpha motor neuron activity
Relaxing muscle contraction
Cold
Vasoconstriction
Reduces blood flow
Reducing O2 requirement as metabolic rate falls
Reduces Pain
Reduces pressure on nociceptors
May be stimulated as a result of increased tissue swelling and edema
Decreases metabolic rate of tissue
Decreases rate of reactions related to acute inflammatory process
reduction in release of inflammatory chemical mediators
histamine
Reduces pain and muscle spasm
Nerve cooling
Reduction in nerve conduction velocity
Settings
10-20 minutes every 4 hours