Short & Long Term Effects On Systems
ENERGY SYSTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
CARDIVASCULAR SYSTEM
Long term :
Short term
Increased heart rate
Increased stroke volume
Increased cardiac output
Harder we work - greater the increase
Greater levels of fitness allow our bodies to continue working for longer
Regularly exercising that adds stress to the system forces the body to adapt to the changes.
Increases resting and exercising stroke volume
Lower resting heart rate
Resting cardiac output remains the same
Maximal cardiac output is increased
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Long term :
Short term :
Increased blood flow to the muscles - increased oxygen available
Increased temperature - increased flexibility
Increased alertness - hormones are released
Help to feel relaxed
Muscle soreness when energy stores are depleted
Increased hypertrophy (muscle size)
Increased number of muscle fibres (hyperplasia)
Increased availability of fuel source
Slow twitch and FOG fibres develop bigger and more efficient capillary beds
Can lead to overuse injuries
Can lead to other injuries particularly fasciitis (inflammation of the sheath around a muscle)
Long term :
Short term :
Increased synovial fluid
Increased range of movement at joint
Reduced risk of Osteoporosis
Increased bone density
Increased bone marrow
Long term :
Short term :
Increased volume of air inspired
Increase in frequency of breaths in one minute
In response and in co-ordination with the cardiovascular system
Only difference is that we have some control over this, Example swimmers/sprinters use this to their advantage
Increase number and diameter of the capillaries around the alveoli
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles grow stronger – allows ribcage to lift higher, allowing more air in the lungs
Can contract with greater force increasing pressure differences.
Long term ;
Short term ;
Increase in lactic acid production
Increased production of energy from the aerobic energy system
increased tolerance to lactic acid