THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE WORKING-CLASS MOVEMENTS
LIBERALISM AND CAPITALISM
Economic liberalism
Adam Smith
Freedom of production
Free trade
Industrial capitalism
System with ideas of economic liberalism
Characteristics
Insterest
Objetctives
Consequences
Wealthy capitalists
Business owners
Produce profits
Social inequalities
THE CLASS-BASED SOCIETY
Three groups:
Upper class
Middle class
Working class
Nobility and bourgeoisie capitalists
High levels of wealth
Proletariat and agriculture labourers
Extreme living conditions
Social class by wealth
Open society
Equal under the law, but economic inequaltiies
WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
Differences
Bourgeois capitalists
Working class
Improved standard of living
Worked and lived in terrible condiions
Movements
Luddites 1811
Trade unions 1820
Associations of workers
Chartist movement 1838
Demanded political changes
Destroying machine
LEFT-WING IDEOLOGIES
Working-class struggle
New ideologies
Marxism
Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels
The communist Manifesto/The Capital
Class Struggle
The dictatorship of the proletariat
Proletariat against oppresors
New political order
Communism
No classes
Equality
Anarchism
Mikhail Bakunin
Individual freedom
Direct action
Fight for freedom
Each represents itself
Changes
Process of industrialization
Techonological advances
Industry expanded
Great Britain
19th century
INTERNATIONAL
IWA 1864
Disolved in 1876
Disagreements between marxists and anarchists
Second International
Paris 1889
Eight hour working day
1 May day workers rights
Dissolved 1914