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Moral Ethics - Coggle Diagram

- - - - An example of a perfect duty is that if stealing was made into a universal law it would mean that stealing no longer exists as it contradicts. Therefore a perfect duty is not to steal This is a contradiction in conception
    - - An example of an Imperfect Duty is that someone could walk past a sick person and do not offer help although this does not produce a contradiction no sane person would desire to be left without help and leaving someone without giving help this is a contradiction in will
  - - - Example of Acting out of duty:- A father reads with there son every night. The father does not do enjoy this but continues to read to his son every night as he knows it is the right thing to do. Kant would say that the father has moral worth
    - - Example of Acting in accordance of Duty:- A father reads to his son every night. The father does enjoy reading to his son every night so continues to do so. Although this is in accordance with what is right Kant says that the action has no moral worth because the father is reading to his child with the wrong intentions
  - - - An example of an Hypothetical imperative:- You need to leave the house now if you want to catch the Bus
    - - An example of a categorical imperative is:- You should not cheat on your partner
      - How to formulate Categorical Imperatives?
        
        First way to work out a Categorical Imperative Universal law:- Kant says you should that if the maxim (underlying rule) can not be generalised without becoming contradictory of itself when everyone follows it then it is not a Categorical imperative
        
        An example of a categorical Imperative is that if everyone made a promise with no intention of keeping it then a promise would no longer have the same meaning therefore making promises without intention to keep them makes no sense
        
        Second way to work out Categorical Imperatives Human Formulation :- Kant says it is morally wrong to treat people in a way that involves them in an action that they do not have the chance to consent too. When someone is treated as an end they are not being treated as a person who has ends too therefore there has been a violation of the supreme moral principles; Human autonomy
        
        An example as treating someone as an end:- You order a taxi and travel to your desired location as you leave the taxi you do not pay the Fare. Kant says this is using someone as a means to an end because you are not considering the taxi drivers end of making money.
- - - - Bentham's Utilitarianism:- Bentham says that all humans go after pleasure and avoid pain. He says that pain and pleasure help identify what they should and should not do