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Nazi state evidence - Coggle Diagram
Nazi state evidence
police state
SD and Gestapo
- SD
security service set up in 1931 by Himmler
based from 1933 in the Nazi headquarters in Munich
-Gestapo
Set up as the Prussian secret police in 1933 by Goering
changed to the secret police for Germany in 1936
30,000 officers
160,000 arrests for political crimes alone in 1939
concentration camps
- Dachau and Buchenwald were the first
- held 150,000 by 1939
ss
- created in Nov 1925
- led by Himmler
- 1934: 50,000 members
- 1939: 250,000 members
the law
- 1933: all judges and lawyers had to take an oath to the Nazis
- 1934: the new peoples court was set up
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Anti-Semitism
37-39
- Anschluss of Austria in March 38 and Austrian Jews under same rules
- Jul7 38 all Jews had to carry identity
- October 38 all jewish passports stamped with a J
-Ernst vom Rath shot in Paris on the 7th of November 1938
- Kristallnacht on the 9th-10th of November 1938
-100 Jews killed
- 20,000 arrested and sent to camps
- April 1939- all Jews evicted by law
- by 39 250,000 Jews had left Germany
Early days
- 500,000 Jews in Germany
- Boycott of jewish shops beginning on the 1st of April 1933
- failed and only lasted a single day
- March - April 1933 jewish judge and civil servants removed from their jobs
- April 1933 Jewish teachers banned
- 1934: anti-Semitic texbooks in every class
Nuremburg laws
- passed in Nuremburg in September 1935
- law against Jewish citizenship
- law against Jewish relationships
Holocaust
- early 1940 - Ghettos
- 500,000 died of disease and starvation by 1942
- poland had 3 million Jews
- Death squads (einsatzgruppen) in June 1941
- 3m Russian Jews
- by the end of 1941- 440,000 jews had been shot dead
- mobile gas vans from Decemeber 1941
- Wansee conference January 1942- final solution
- Auschwitz and treblinka
- 6m Jews murdered in total
war
Big picture
- Sep 39 - successful invasion of Poland
- April - June 1940 the Nazis took France, Belgium the Netherlands and Norway
- June 1941- Hitler invaded the USSR
-Dec 1941 -Pearl Harbour
- Stalingrad in January 1943- 300,000 German troops captured
- El-Aleman in October 1942
- D-Day June1944
- March 1945- Allied troops entered Germany
- Berlin taken in May 1945
-4m German soldiers killed
- Hitler committed suicide in April 1945
Allied bombing
- Began on Berlin in August 1940
- increased in 1942 under Bomber Harris
-Hamburg -July 1943 - Firestorm killed 30,000 and left 1m homeless
- Dresden- February 1942- 25,000 killed and 70% of property destroyed
- 300,000 civilians killed
3.6m homes (20%) destroyed
total war
- 4 year plan in 1936
- state debt by 1939 - 42b marks
-aircraft production : 8,300 in 1939 to 10,800 in 1941
- Albert speer was minister for armaments in February 1942
- Goebbels was Reich trustee for total war in 1944
- 7m foreign workers in Germany by May 1944
- 1943- professional sports stopped
- in 1944 at its peak: 19,000 tanks and 39,600 planes
- still only a third of the allied fuel supplies
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