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HL Paper 3, TNCs, CULTURE, technology, (measure of the social progress…

- - - - be able to compare and contrast commerical services between developing and developed economies
  - - - 1) EU CASE STUDY
        Consists of European countries formed after World War II in 1952
        Originally as coal and steel for 6 countries (Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands), but has now developed into complex organisation through a series of treaties
        -now has 27 European countries
        aims to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members. Freedom of movement (people, capital, goods, services)
      - 2) Migration to the USA
        Why the USA needs to control immigration
  - - - Designed by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
      - Measures the Economic, Political, and Social statuses of a country
      - Gives a value from 0-100 and ranks every country (Norway had a scored of 86.35 in 2017)
    - - A superpower is a country that has great economic, political, military, cultural, and ideological influence over other countries. Superpowers tend to have high populations and large amount of land as well as large amounts of resources and allies.
      - Give the example of China as an Eastern superpower and the USA as a western superpower
- - - - shell case study
      - anti immigration in EU
      - examples of places where restricted freedoms have been challenged
    - - resource nationalism
    - - national trade restrictions, including protectionism and resource nationalism
      - government and militia controls on personal freedoms to participate in global interactions
    - - rejection of globalized production, including campaigns against TNCs and in favour of local sourcing of food and goods by citizens
      - rise of anti-immigration movements
        
        denmark
- - - - Risks to Global Supply Chains
        
        social - piracy in Somalia
        
        economic -border delay (Ireland-Europe → takes longer for products to get to their destination)
        -currency fluctuations (ex. If the currency worth of the kr decreased we wouldn’t be able to afford anything abroad)
        
        environmental -climate change / extreme weather
        -natural disasters
        -pandemic
        
        political -trade wars
        -threat of Russia for European natural gas
        -terrorism (sociopolitical)
        -corruption (ex. People stole covid vaccines and gave them to local population to gain support)
      - New and emerging threats to the political and economic sovereignty of states:
        
        Threats to Sovereignty - Political (Ukraine vs Russia)
        
        Economic
        
        Tax Havens - allows people to pay lower rates of tax
        8% of worlds wealth stored
        Bermuda, Andorra, British Virgin Islands, the Bahamas, Belize
        
        Corporate tax avoidance
        -if a company has headquarters in country with lower tax rate, they pay they tax overall
        
        Tax evasion
        Appleby, is a company which has allowed wealthy individuals to set up accounts on offshore islands to reduce/avoid tax
        
        The correlation between increased globalisation and renewed nationalism/tribalisation
        
        Political tribalism - countries splitting (link with Unit 5: Cultural Diffusion)
        
        Explain the causes of increased nationalism as a result of globalisation.
        
        Increased globalisation has lead to deindustrialisation in HICS, due to technology, robotics, and lower salaries in LICS. Working and middle class voters from these areas are more likely to vote in favour of nationalist polities as a result of unemployment and changing job opportunities. (Where it has become cheaper to attain certain products through importing from other countries, it has lead to the deindustrialisation of companies within these countries.) Many areas in the North of England favoured Brexit due to deindustrialisation and the closure of mines.
      - Local and global resilience
- - - - corporate social responsibility
        "attempts of companies to assess the social, economic, & environmental impacts of their activities & take action in reducing them"
        -starbucks case study (TNC)
        -CLICK HERE FOR CASE STUDY