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Hardaware and operating systems, Computers only can use 1 and 0. This is…

- - - - The IDE(integrated dive electronics) or ATA( advanced technology attachment) and SATA( serial ATA) connectors connect the hard disk, CD drive and DVD drive to the moderboard
      - The chipset is a number of integrated circuits designed to perform related functions, they control the flow of bits to and from the motherboard
      - Slots that can be used to expand or add new components, such as a modem, sound card, network card and so on.
        These slots can be PCI(peripheral component interconnect) or PCI-Express
      - Various input/ output ports
    - - By special connectors on the motherboard, for such devices as the hard disk, DVD drives and so on.
      - Using the external ports on the side or back of the computer, for example a mouse or a keyboard
      - Using an expansion slot on the motherboard, to connect the sound card or a graphic card ,for example.
    - - Tool necessarys to install drivers
        
        Informes sobre nuevos dispositivos( Hermes)
        
        Administrador de dispositivos
        
        Asistente para agregar hadware
        
        Gestor de dispositivos
  - - - RAM cannot work at the same speed as the microprocessor, so a much faster memory is installed between the RAM and the microprocessor: the cache memory
      - The cache memory stores the data that the microprocessor uses most often.
    - - When you turn on your computer, it automatically checks the system.The initial check is carried out using instructions stored in a special read-only memory: the ROM BIOS
      - If evertyhing is correct, the BIOS starts the operating system in the main memory, so that this system can take control of the computer
    - - The computer main memory´s is its RAM(random access memory)
      - When we ran an application, its instructions and data are copied to this memory so that the microprocessor can use them.
        This is because the hard disk is very slow
      - Since RAM doesn´t retain information when the computer is switched off, we must save our work to the hard disk before we close the applicaction.Otherwise we will loose our work.
    - - Magnetic disks
        
        They store bits by positioning millions of tiny magnets in two possible orientations that : : represent 0 and 1
        
        To access a piece of data, the disk spins around until the read head is above the area where a piece of data is stored.
        
        Hard disks are the most common magnetic storage units
        
        External hard disks are very useful because they are easy to transport
      - Optical disks
        
        The disc drive emits a laser onto the disc and reflects off tthe flat areas
        
        The ligth signal is reflected back to an optical sensor that turns it into a digital signal:0 or 1
        
        CD-ROMs, DVDs and Blur-ray Discs(BD) stores data in a series of grooves on the disc surface.
        
        Blu-ray technology uses a special blue laser that allows us to store much more information.
- - - - When we save the document, the operating system looks for free space on the hard disk and transfers the data from the memory to that space
      - To print, click on Imprimir, and the word processor will send the command to the operating system, which sends the apropiate signals to the printer.
      - The program is now the active application.It receives data from the keyboard and sends instructions to the microprocessor through the operating system
      - When we close the word processor, the operating system deletes the application from the memory, though not from the hard disk
      - The operating system finds the application on the hard disk, sends a copy of it to the RAM, and loads it onto the screen