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HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS, Software refers to the data and the…
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Software refers to the data and the instructions we use to manage that data. Computers can carry out different functions:
We use the name hardware for the physical components of the computer system that we use and those we can touch and move, like the mouse and the keyboard.
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Processing data in the central processing unit (CPU), using the microprocessor and the memory.
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Using an expansion slot on the motherboard, to connect a sound card or a graphics card
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By special connectors on the motherboard, for such devices as the hard disk, DVD drivers and so on.
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metropolitan area networks, made up of several LANs
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Each computer needs an adaptor or network card to send information to other computers and receive information back
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Wireless networks, known as WLANs, use electromagnetic waves to transmit data. All computers need a wireless network card.
The hub distributes all of the information it receives between the other computers in the network. It can be replaced by a switch
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This information travels down a transmission medium, normally a cable simillar to a telephone wire
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ASCII (the American Standard Code for Information Interchange) uses 7 bites to store up to 128 different characters.
We give a code to each of the letters of the alphabet, and to the characters computers use, so that we can store them. These codes consist of the figures '1' and '0'.
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The clock rate sets the pace at which processes are completed. The
clock continously generates electrical impulses
The microprocessor is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tiny transitors working together to process the instructions and data received from the memory.
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ROM BIOS: when you turn on your computer, it makes an initial check carried out using instructions stored in a special read-only memory: the ROM BIOS
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The IDE
In addition to the microprocessor and memory, the motherboard also includes:
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System updates
Saving power
Hard disk maintenance: Cleaning the hard disk Defragmenting the hard disk Detecting and repairing errors
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Using a router, which detects data and directs it to and from the Internet
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