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Hardware and operating systems - Coggle Diagram
Hardware and operating
systems
Computer language and function
Computers use the binary system
The smallest unit of information that we can store on a computer (0 or 1) is called a bit (b). And eight bits together form a byte (B)
ASCII (The American Starndard Code for Information Interchange) uses 7 bits tu store up to 128 different characters
Computer functions
We use the name hardware for the componenets that we can touch and move and Software or programs refer to the data
computers process and store information in the form of text, numbers, photographs...
computers have four functions: Input and output of data, and storing and processing data
Computer elements
microprocessor
the microprocessor is an integrated circuit made up of million of tiny transitors working together to process the instructions and data received from the memory
the clock rate sets the pace at which processes are ocompleted and microprocessors can process 64 bits a time
a microprocessor'power also depends on its cache memory and it is communicates with the RAM
memory and units of storage
RAM (random access memory) is the computer's main memory
When the instructions and data of an aplplications are copied to this memory, the microprocessor can use them, this is because accesing the hard disk is very slow
Cache memory is a fast memory instead between the RAM and the microprocessor, because RAM can't work at the same speed as the microprocessor
ROM BIOS checks the sistem and this check is carried out using instructions stored in a special readonly memory
motherboard and connecting devices
inside the computer you'll find a large board, we call it motherboard, all the other components are connected to it
motherboard includes components lijke slots, the IDE, the chipset and various input/output ports
we can physically connect devices to the computer in different ways
we also need to install a driver and new devices.
storage devices
we use data storage units to permanently save the data that before RAM stores temporarly
Magnetic disks
optical discs
solid-state memory
software and operating systems
types of software
applications
database management tools
drawing programs
presentations
antivirus software
spreadsheets
word processors
operating system
programming languages
the operating system provides to access to the all applications easy. computers have different software, but they all need a operating system
functions of the operating system
manages the memory and storage systems
provides an interface or working environment
manages the microprocessor
coomunications between applications and devices
windows operating system
we can install programs using an installation wizard
the defragmenter puts blocks that sometimes dispersed in order
There are two ways that operating systems are constantly being updated
you can clean your hard disk and delete unnecesary programs using a tool
we can check for errors by right-clicking on the hard disk and selecting the prpperties option
it's important to select the right power options for laptop, but you can put your computer into standby mode automatically
linux operating system
linux uses two package managers to help users automatically install applications downloaded from the internet
we can install and uninstall appplications as two different methods
computer networks
a computer network is a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchange information
local area network
metropolitan area networks
wide area networks
elements in a network
all computer networks have a logical and a physical components
adaptor or network card to sens information to other computers
the hub distributes the information it receives
this information travels down a transmission medium
coaxial and fibre optic cables are also used
wireless networks
wireless networks use electromagnetic waves to transmit data, and all computers have a wireless network card
networks with a combination of wireless devices use wireless access point
shared internet access
computer networks can connected to the internet:
using a router
using internet conncetion sharing
if there a problem on network sharing, we can solve with network storage systems and print servers
