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Hardware and operating systems :computer:: - Coggle Diagram
Hardware and operating systems
:computer::
Computer lenguage and function :desktop_computer:
Computers only use number 0 and 1
Known as binary system.
The smalest of information that we can store on a computer is bit(b). Eight bits together form a byte
ASCII (the American Standard code for information intercharge) uses 7 bits to store up to 128 different characters :earth_americas:
Function
We use the name hardware for the physical components of the computer system that we use and that we can touch and move
Software or programs refer to the data and the instructions we use to manage that data.
Computer elements
Microprocessor
Is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tiny transistors working together to process the instructions and data received from the memory
Memory and units of storage
RAM
(Random Access Memory)
It's the computer main memory
Cache Memory
It stores the data that the microprocessor uses most often
ROM BIOS
Is a special read-only memory
Storage devices
We use data storage units to permanently save the data that disappears when we turn off the coomputer
Magnetic disks
Optical disks
Motherboard
It's a large board inside the computer and all the other components of the computer are connected to it
Connecting devices
We can connect it in different ways:
Using an expansion slot on the motherboard, to connect a sound card or a graphics card.
By special connectors on the motherboards, for such devices as the hard disk, DVD drives and so on
Using the external ports on the side or back of the computer, for example, the USB port.
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To install new devices by using the software provided by the device manufractured
We use
Asistente para agregar hardware
to add new hardware
Informe sobre nuevos dispositivos(Hermes),
a report on new devices in Linux
Device managers that allow you to view and change device properties, update drivers or uninstall software.
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Software and operating systems :open_file_folder:
They're various types of software
Operating system
Manages the systems resources, making them avaiable for use by the user and the applications
Applications, various types:
World processors
: Word, Writer
Spreadsheets
: Excel, Calc
Presentations:
PowerPoint, Impress
Database management tools
:Access, Base
Drawing programs
: Paint, Paint Shop Pro, Draw
Programming lenguages
these can be used to create other programs and applications
The operating system
Is the first thing that appears when we turn on the computer and the last thing you see when we turn off it.
Linux
Windows
Functions
Manages the microprocessor
Manages the memory and storage systems
Provides an interface or working environment
Communication between
Windows operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs
We can install programs using an
installation wizard
that guides us through the process.
The
agregar o quitar programas
tool is very useful for adding and removing programs
Hard disk maitenance
Cleaning the hard disk
Defragmenting the hard disk
Detecting and repairing errors
Saving power
To do this, click on
Panel de control
:arrow_forward:
Opciones de energía
System updates
Operating systems areconstantly being updated and thereare two ways in which you can do this:
Inicio>Programas>Windows Update
Inicio>Panel de control>Rendimiento y mantenimiento>Sistema
Linux operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs
1.
Añadir y quitar: easiest way to add and remove applications
2.
Synaptic package management program
How to keep your system up to date
To get the latest version of our operating systems and applications:
Open the
Gestor de actualizaciones
through
Sistema
>
Administracion
Computer networks
It's a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchage information.
We can divide computer networks into three categories, depending on their size
Local area networks
or
LANs
Metropolitan area networks
Wide area networks
Elements in a network
All computer networks have a logical component, which is an operating system and applications that work on a network, and a physical component connecting the different computers to each other
Adaptador,network card, the hub and a transmission medium
Wireless networks
Use electromagnetic waves to transmit data. All computers need to have a wireless network card
Shared internet access
Computer networks can connect to the internet in two ways:
Internet Connection Sharing
A router
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To overcome problems, we can use network storage systems and print serves
