Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
the reign of catholic monarchs - Coggle Diagram
the reign of catholic monarchs
THE DYNASTIC UNION OF CASTILLA AND ARAGÓN
In 1469, Isabella, the half-sister of Henry IV of Castilla, married Ferdinand
Who was the prince of aragon
When the King of Castilla died in 1474
a civil war broke out
Between Joana and isabella
Joana with support of portugal
Fight against
Isabella with the support of aragon
Finally Isabella won in 1479
same year, Ferdinand became the King of Aragón
This result in a union between
Castilla
Aragon
This union did not result in the creation of a unitary state
DOMESTIC REFORMS
The number of royal officials was increased, the existing institutions were reformed and new ones were established
To weaken the power of the nobility:
Permanent army formed with professional soldiers
Permission was obtained from the Pope
to place Military Orders under the monarchs
The most important territory was the royal council
The royal treasury was given to administrate tax collection
The judicial system of Castilla was restructured
audiencias of Valladolid and Granada, whose judges appointed the kings.
To reduce the autonomy of the kingdoms of the Hispanic Monarchy:
Reduced power of general courts
The position of viceroy was created
The Inquisition was established in the kingdom of Castilla
in 1478 and was reformed in Aragón to persecute false conversions
It was a religious court, although it was controlled by the Crown.
To improve international relations
The diplomatic corps, which represented the monarchs in other kingdoms, was expanded
Castilla became an authoritarian monarchy
Crown of Aragón maintained the pact tradition
RELIGIOUS POLICY
One of the catholic monarch objetibes was
establish religious unity
To this, the jews and muslims were expelled
Their aim was to prevent revolts and internal divisions
The jews
were persecuted by the Christian population towards the end of the Middle Ages
But some of them were bankers so christians owned they money
In 1492, the monarchs forced them to convert to Christianity
Those who agreed to convert were known as conversos
And Those who did not obey had to sell their assets at a loss and leave their homes
Mudejar
Were Muslims who lived in Christian territories
After the conquest of Granada in 1492
They were forced to be baptised
They were expelled from Castilla in 1502 and from Aragón in 1526
Those who converted were known as Moriscos and they were also persecuted by the Inquisition
FOREIGN POLICY
Catholic Monarchs' main objectives were the unification of the Iberian Peninsula
isolation of France
consolidation of the Crown of Aragón
and the expansion across the Atlantic
Diplomatic and military strategies were used to achieve these
Diplomatic
Monarch formed alliances with european kingdoms
By marring their chilldren
Union with Portugal:
monarchs married their oldest daughter, Isabella of Aragón, to King Manuel I of Portugal.
Their son, Miguel, was due to inherit the three kingdoms, but both mother and son died.
Isolation of France
In 1493 a agreement with france in wich roussillon and cerdanya came back to Aragon
Military
On the Iberian Peninsula
1492, after a ten year war, Boabdil, the ruler of the kingdom of Granada, surrendered the last existing Muslim state on the Peninsula
In 1512, Ferdinand the Catholic' conquered Navarra to prevent it from forming an alliance with France. It then became part of the Crown of Castilla
Outside the Iberian Peninsula
Ceuta was conquered by the kingdom of Portugal
The forces of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba the Great Captain', defeated the French at the battles of Cerignola and Garigliano
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
Crown of castilla
exportation of wool was very important
As the Catholic Monarchs received taxes from the wool trade
they gave numerous privileges to the association of shepherds that controlled this activity
Transhumance livestock farming developed
Crown of aragon
As in Castilla, the crisis of the 14th century provoked an increase in the abuses of the nobility
These abuses were taxes, fines and other arbitrary measures imposed by the feudal lords
Ferdinand the Catholic' ended this conflict
by stopping the feudal abuses of the nobility with the Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe in 1486.
Trade in the Mediterranean benefitted from the incorporation of Italian territories into the Crown of Aragón
ART AND CULTURE
During the Catholic Monarchs' reign, new humanist and Renaissance ideas spread from Europe
The philologist and historian Antonio de Nebrija published the first grammar of this language in 1492.
The founding of new universities and the spread of the printing press
The most important humanist was Juan Luis Vives, a converted Jew who went into exile to escape the Inquisition
In architecture, the main Gothic works of art were commissioned by the Catholic Monarchs, the sabelline style