Earth's History Study Guide

Geologists

William Smith

Charles Darwin

James Hutton

Nicolaus Steno

Hutton concluded that strata take thousands of years to form

The idea that older rock layers are farther from the surface inspired Darwin's work on evolution.

William Smith connected strata in different locations by recognizing similar patterns of fossils

Steno proposed 3 laws: the law of superposition, horizontality, and cross-cutting relationships.

Rock Cycle

Types of rocks

Igneous

Sedimentary Rock

Metamorphic

Fossils usually found in these rocks

Compaction and cementation of sediments

Used for relative dating

Created through magma cooling and solidification

Used for absolute dating

Changed by heat and pressure

Form stratas

Comparison to other fossils and rocks (Not actual age)

Uses years to identify the ages of rocks and fossils (MYA, BYA)

Geologic Timescale

Eras

Can be compared to as a clock

Periods

Epochs

More than 3 million years

100s of millions of years

10s of millions of years

a system of chronological dating that classifies geological strata in time

Used by Geologists, Paleontologists and other Earth Scientists.