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Musculoskeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Musculoskeletal System
Bursitis: inflamed sacs around the joints
Treatment- heat/immobilization/removal of excess fluid by needle Sx/S- pain/stiffness/swelling/tenderness/redness Risk Factors- aging/athletic participation/injury to bursae
CNA Interventions- providing heat packs, slings or other forms of immobilization equipment depending on impacted area
Arthritis: inflamed joints (Rheumatoid Arthritis/Osteoarthritic Joint Disease/Degenerative Joint Disease/Gout)
Treatment- pain relief/balanced rest & exercise/specific joint mobilization/weight control/medication/physical therapy/surgical joint replacement/splints/braces/adhesives/warm water exercises/deformity & contracture prevention
Sx/S- pain/stiffness/tenderness/swelling >of joints/fatigue/malaise/decreased range of motion/weak
Risk Factors- genetics/age/gender/obesity/previous joint injuries
CNA Interventions- abduction pillows, adjusting bed to angle, using immobilization equipment depending on impacted area, helping with exercises, ROM, placing joints to avoid contractures (Ex: facecloths in hands)
Osteoporosis spongy/high risk fracture bones
Treatment- ROM/bone remodeling/medication
Sx/S- bone fracture/loss of height
Risk Factors- gender/age/race/genetics/size of body
CNA Interventions- ROM exercises on impacted joint(s), alerting nurse for medication response (EX: reactions, success, decline)
Fibromyalgia pain in fibrous muscles
Treatment- pain medications/exercise/massage/biofeedback/acupuncture/hypnosis/stress management
Sx/S- pain/stiffness/fatigue
Risk Factors- genetics/gender/PTSD/repetitive injury to same spot/viral infections/obesity
CNA Interventions- massages, ROM, offering stress management options
ROM- (range of motion)
AAROM (active assisted range of motion)
-joint exercises WITHOUT assistance
PROM(passive range of motion)
-joint exercises WITH assistance from a healthcare worker
THA (total hip arthroplasty)
-Hip is replaced with metal joint in patient with failed ORIF and degenerative joint disease
CPM (continuous passive motion)
-increases circulation
-reduces swelling
-enhances collagen formation
-decreases risk if scarring complications
-reduces pain
-increases range of motion
ORIF (open reduction internal fixation)
-a surgery used for fixing injuries resulting in fractures
-surgeon realigns bone fragments and then mechanically puts them together with hardware
Cast Care
-plaster of paris (takes up to 48 hours to dry)
-fiberglass (quick setting)
-Check for edemas, irritation, and blood circulation state often
-elevate cast
-keep cast align with body properly
-turn patient every few hours to avoid sores
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