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Conditions, Procedures, Structure & Function - Coggle Diagram
Conditions
Fractures:
Tx:
Cast, Splint, Brace, Pins
Risk Factors:
Previous fracture, RA, Diabetes, Osteoporosis
CNA interventions:
Compression stockings, heat, ice, have pt keep fractured limb immobilized
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RA:
S/Sx:
Pain in joints, stiffness & swelling, weakness in joints, redness
Risk Factors:
Age, smoking, genetics, obesity, previous joint injury
Tx:
Heat, anti-inflammatory drugs, PT, joint replacement
CNA Interventions:
Heat and cold applications, rest, weight control
DJD:
Risk Factors:
Age, previous knee or hip injury, repetitive strain on hip or knee, obesity
Tx:
Exercise, weight loss, anti-inflammatory medication, stretching, PT, acupuncture, joint replacement
S/Sx:
Pain in joints in hands, hip, knee; stiffness & swelling in joints, deformity
CNA Interventions:
Encourage rest, heat and cold treatments, weight control
Bursitis:
Risk Factors:
Age, repetitive exercise, improper posture, injuries to bursae
Tx:
Heat application, immobilization, aspiration, steroids
S/Sx:
Joint pain, pain while moving joint, stiffness, & swelling, redness
CNA Interventions:
Have pt rest, cold and heat treatments, elevation
Gout:
Risk Factors:
Obesity, Family History, recent surgery or trauma, poor diet
Tx:
Weight loss, steroids, ice the area, exercise
S/Sx:
Swelling, redness, pain in joints (ankle, foot, big toe, fingers), physical deformity
CNA Interventions:
Cold and heat treatments, encourage rest
Procedures
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ORIF:
Open reduction, Internally fixing
Procedure where a surgeon makes an incision, moves the fractured bone into alignment, and then inserts a nail, pin, rod, etc.) to hold the bone in place
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Cast care:
Support cast & body w/ pillows, elevate casted limb (elevate foot higher than hip), don’t put plastic under a wet cast, turn pt frequently, don’t position cast against the footboard, closely observe uncasted areas of the casted limb and skin around cast
Structure & Function
Bones:
206 bones: 24 ribs, 56 phalanges, 2 femurs, 31 vertebrae
Shapes & sizes: Long (femur, humerus, ulna, radius), Short (phalanges), Flat (scapula & cranial bones), Irregular (mandible, vertebrae)
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Joints:
Points where bones meet, where movement occurs
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Ball and socket (hip), hinge (elbow, knee)
Movement: flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, adduction
Muscles:
650 muscles, cardiac (heart muscles), voluntary (skeletal muscles), involuntary (organs)
Responsible for movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints and generate heat
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