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Fat as an organ - Coggle Diagram
Fat as an organ
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Adiponectin
The manner by which adipose tissue expands (increases in size, hypertrophy, and/or in number of cells, hyperplasia) could regulate synthesis and secretion of adiponectin
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In stark contrast to WAT, MAT formation increases in starvation states, such as during caloric restriction in animals and in human patients with anorexia nervosa.
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Leptin
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Leptin knock-out models (Ob-Ob and Db Db) are obese, insulin resistant, diabetic, hepatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome
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But…Leptin is produced by adipose which is increased in obesity (so leptin is increased) so why do obese patients not get these beneficial metabolic effects
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Adipose expandability
The adipose tissue expandability hypothesis states that the capacity of an individual to expand their fat mass to store lipid is a more important determinant of obesity-associated metabolic problems than the absolute amount of adipose tissue an individual possesses
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Adipocytes
Adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat
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White fat cell
Most common fat cell, used to store fat and found beneath the skin and abdomen
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Joint adipose tissue
Adipose tissue in the joints plays key roles in their maintenance, with changes in its function contributing to joint disorders such as osteoarthritis
Spillover effect
At a certain point, our cells become so bloated that they spill fat back into the bloodstream
Clinical perspective
Generalised lipodystrophy is characterised by the widespread lack or loss of adipose tissue, leading to relative leptin deficiency and associated metabolic abnormalities