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Database - Coggle Diagram
Database
Relational database
Uses a structure that allows us to identify and access data in relation to other pieces of data in the database based on business rules or associations.
Provide two major advantages over flat file storage and non-relational databases, being the increase of data integrity and the reduction of data duplication.
Advantages
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Redundancy wastes space and time to update, maintain.
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DESIGN STEPS
- Identify Entities (-> create Tables)
Entity is Something that the business wishes to store data about.
Exists as a set of instances (records).
Can be a person, place, object, event etc.
- Examples of common entities for RMIT Student Database
- Identify Attributes (-> add Table Fields)
Attribute is Characteristics/descriptors of an Entity.
A student has attributes:First Name, Surname, Address, DOB, Contact
- Entity Relationship (-> create Foreign key)
Associations between Entities (Tables) - depend on the business rules !!
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Primary Key?
The field in a table that is used to uniquely identify each table record.
A Primary Key is an attribute (or field) that uniquely identifies every record in a certain table. There’s one Primary Key per entity, and they must be unique, never-changing, and never-null. You note a Primary Key in your Entity Relationship Diagram with “PK” to the left of the appropriate attribute.
Foreign Key?
Foreign Key relate tables by a 7 is the Foreign key in the “many” table.
A Foreign Key is an attribute in one entity that links to the Primary Key of another entity. Consequently, they enable relationships between those entities. There can be multiple foreign keys per entity, or none at all. You note a Foreign Key in your ERD with “FK” to the left of the appropriate attributes.
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Design Thinking
Definition
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A tool that invokes analytical as well as creative thought to solve problems that consider context, stakeholder requirements and preferences, logistical issues, and cost.
A mindset in which ideas are triggered from diverse, even discrepant, sources, and then built upon to inform progressively better solutions to challenges.
A series of actions and an accumulation of provisional inputs that are structured by a loop in which problems are defined, research and analysis are conducted, and ideas are proposed and then subjected to critical feedback and modification, which in turn leads to repeating parts of the loop to further refine the ideas.
Building blocks
Design thinking is ultimately a creative process that is influenced by specific problems and individuals. => lead to a clear solution
- Information gathering:
Empathize with the context and stakeholders. A deep understanding of the issues, constraints and constraints surrounding the problem is imperative. Gather data through interviews, conduct focus groups, perform a mini-ethnography, and consult with knowledgeable people. All this data will allow the problem solver to understand the background of the issue better, and this in turn will lead to possible ideas and strategies.
- Problem analysis and definition:
A deep analysis of the data is necessary to focus on the main problem. Questioning the status quo, questioning initial assumptions and reframing the problem are some key steps throughout the analysis process. This will aid brainstorming for ideas and gives the problem solving team a view of the problem from multiple perspectives.
- Idea generation:
Create as many ideas as possible based on the analysis. These can be good, bad or silly, as long as they are relevant to the problem.
- Synthesis through modeling:
Use the best ideas to generate prototypes, models, or draft solutions. These can facilitate experimentation with the possible solutions. Regardless of success or failure, learning and discovery are paramount.
- Critical evaluation:
Use the testing phase to improve the solution or project. Subject all solutions to critical appraisal from stakeholders, colleagues, and objective outsiders. Feedback from stakeholders is especially valuable to make meaningful revisions. Embrace constructive criticism from whatever source, make changes without diluting a strong idea, and test again.
Definition
- A database is an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system
- Database plays a critical and important a role a database plays in today day and age.