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Nucleic Acids - Coggle Diagram
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotide
sub-unit of
nucleic acid
pentose
(5 carbon)
sugar
phosphate
nitrogenous
base
created by
condensation
reactions
Phosphodiester
bonds
join adjacent nucleotides
together
chain of nucleotides
= polynucleotide
with a free sugar at 1 end
& a free phosphate at the other
nucleic acids broken
down - HYDROLYSIS -
into nucleotides
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
(DNA)
2 strands held
together by
hydrogen bonds
between adjacent bases
strands
ANTIPARALLEL
run in opposite
directions
base
pairing
rules
adenine to thymine
(2 hydrogen bonds)
guanine to cytosine
(3 hydrogen bonds)
why do strands
stay parallel?
A+ G larger
than T + C
organised in
double helix
DNA wound round each other
like twisted ladder, linked + held
together @ bases
organisation very regular,
10 base
pairs each
complete turn
DEOXYRIBOSE
SUGAR
Functions
controls protein synthesis
& regulates development living
organisms
regulates enzymes
(key catalysts in metabolism)
genetic code for
living organisms
Structure
sequence DNA bases determine
amino acid sequence
(primary structure) of polypeptide
one of DNA strands
coding (template) strand
acts
as genetic code
each sequence 3 bases
is
base triplet
+ codes
1 amino acid
Ribonucleic Acid
(RNA)
RIBOSE
SUGAR
component
of ATP
single stranded +
much shorter than DNA
Uracil
base
replaces thymine
messenger
RNA
carries code from DNA in
nucleus to ribosome in cytoplasm
where protein synthesis takes place
transfer
RNA
carries amino acids to
mRNA/ribosome
where protein synthesis
takes place.
different types of tRNA for
each type of amino acid
ribosomal
RNA
made in the
nucleolus
forms over half mass
of each ribosome