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Speech perception linguistic processing - Coggle Diagram
Speech perception linguistic processing
Tipos de teorías
Direct Perception
Perception directly retrieves the objects that produce sound.
Stage theories
Perception involves a sequence of transformations from sound to object.
Motor Theories
Perception involves processes related to speech production.
Motor theory has at its core the premise that perception involves reference to articulation. The basic principle of this model lies in the production of speech sounds in the vocal tract of the speaker. The motor theory proposes that a listener specifically perceives the phonetic gestures of a speaker while the speaker is speaking. We have a special system for processing speech. Motor commands in the brain that control the movements of the muscles used for speech help us to perceive speech.
The Speech Chain(s)
Stage Theories
The role and nature of segmental (phonetic) representation is diverse. Encoding is based on auditory processes. All use intermediate representations, although the nature of the representations is diverse.
Analysis-by-Synthesis Theory of Speech Perception
It is used to generate motor commands, but during speech perception, articulation is inhibited and instead the commands produce a hypothetical auditory pattern which is passed to a comparator module that compares it to the original signal stored in a temporary store.
Direct Realism Theory
The objects of perception are actual vocal tract movements, or gestures, and not abstract phonemes or events that are causally antecedent to these intentional gesture movements.
Listeners perceive gestures not by means of a specialised decoder but because the information in the acoustic signal specifies the gestures that form it, the actual articulatory gestures that produce the various speech sounds are themselves the units of speech perception, the theory circumvents the problem of lack of invariance.
LAFS THEORY
The input is an auditory representation of the signal. A finite state network analyses the input.
This is a word. This system maps a sequence of spectral sections into a word. The parts of the network that correspond to sequences of spectral sections are isomorphic to "diaphones".
SPEECH PERCEPTION
SPEECH PERCEPTION
It is the process by which the sounds of language are heard, interpreted and understood.
SPEECH PRODUCTION TO PERCEPTION
Acoustic signals are extracted and stored in the sensory memory and converted into linguistic information. Air is drawn into the larynx through the vocal cords and into the nose of the mouth, different types of sounds are produced. The different qualities of sounds are represented in formants. The formants and other features become phonemes.
Scope of the problem
It involves the mapping of acoustic speech signals into linguistic messages (e.g. phonemes, distinctive features, syllables, words, phrases...).
TRACE THEORY
A staged model consisting of an auditory front (ear), auditory feature extraction, a phonetic level and a lexical level, has bottom-up and top-down connections (feedback).
