Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ELBOW WRIST & HAND INJURYS - Coggle Diagram
ELBOW WRIST & HAND INJURYS
MEDIAL EPICONDYLITIS- GOLFERS ELBOW
medial side of elbow, pain is from the wrist flexors on the medial epicondyle to the humerus
excessive forced used to bend the wrist towards the palm overuse of common flexor tendon, can happen by swinging a golf club
having weak shoulder and wrist muscles
pain on inside of elbow, radiating to forearm.
difficulty bending arm & twisting movements
Keli & Kaiser 2021
prevalence highest in 45-64 year olds and more common in women
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
entrapment neuropathy caused by compression of the medial nerve as is travels through the wrists carpal tunnel
increased pressure in the carpal tunnel and subsequent compression of the median nerve
Pins and needles paraesthesia, numbness in thumb index finger and middle finger.
hand weakness, decreased hand motor coordination
Phalens test
Tinels test
genetic predisposition, repetitive wrist movements eg. typing
Latinovic 2006,
most frequently seen in females aged 45–54 years and in males aged 75–84 years
COLLES FRACTURE- BROKEN WRIST
Complete fracture of the radius close to the wrist resulting in an upward posterior displacement of the radius.
Falling on an outstretched arm
Dull ache in area and radiation of the ache on surrounding bone structures
Common in older women with osteoporosis
younger children in high impact trauma
Lawson et al 1995
- found 50% of collet fractures in sport came from football
SMITHS FRACTURE
Fracture of the distal end of the radius resulting in anterior displacement
Fall on a flexed wrist or a direct blow to the dorsal side of wrist
Pain, swelling, reduced ROM
deformed wrist with swelling visible of the solar side and prominence of the ulna
Rare fractures
Schroeder & Varacallo 2021
- highest incidence in young males after sustaining high-energy falls and in elderly females who suffering a low energy fall due to osteoporosis
LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS - TENNIS ELBOW
Swelling of the tendons that bend your wrist backward away from your palm.
Tendon- extensor carpi radialis brevis
Overuse injury that may result in hyaline degeneration of the origin of the extensor tendon, swelling of the tendons that flex the wrist
Improper technique, weak shoulder and wrist muscles
Mills test & power pincer tap grip test
Pain when lifting or bending arm, gripping objects, twisting forearm
Tennis players
-
Nirschl, 1973,
of 200 tennis players aged over 30, 50% had symptoms of tennis elbow at some stage