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Analysing the demand for tourist travel - Coggle Diagram
Analysing the demand for tourist travel
The international demand for tourist travel: understanding why people travel
Reason
prestige, since different destinations can enable one to gain social enhancement amongst peers
social interaction
the strengthening of family bonds
an opportunity for play
educational opportunities
the pursuit of relaxation and recuperation functions
wish fulfilment
a desire to escape from a mundane environment
shopping.
Classify tourists according to the type of holiday
the individual mass tourist
the explorers
the organised mass tourist
the drifter
Motivation, tourist transport research and psychological issues
Definition
motivation is about the causes of personal action in tourism and other activities
The links between motivation, life cycle, transport roles and the travellers experience
Travellers’ motives and motive patterns
Suggested core motivation
Relationships
Novelty
Personal development
Escape and relaxation
Additional motivational emphases
Nostalgia
Recognition by others
Romance
Isolation
Involvement with host site/people
Autonomy
Security
Transport’s multiple roles
Full inhibitor
Significant constraint
Functional link
Integrated element
Dominates the experience
Life cycle and experience factors
Family status
Living arrangements
Age
Previous travel experience
Transport determinants
Kind of access provided
Availability
Cost
Competitors
Infrastructure development in developing countries: experiences from Asia-Pacific
In supply-led models, development would occur where a latent demand existed.
Three types of country
Medium income countries
High income countries
Low income countries
Data sources on international tourist travel
Bus and coach travel statistics
Coach travel
inter-urban
rural
urban-based trips
Coach market
spent £120 million/year
1:20 of all domestic staying trips in NW England
2 million trips/year
2 dominant locations: Blackpool (50%) and the Lake District (30%).
Sparsely documented
Rail travel statistics
Data from the UIC
Well documented
Aviation statistics
ICAO 2007 Annual Report
Scheduled traffic volumes
Germany (5%)
USA (31%)
UK (5%)
Japan (6%)
International scheduled traffic
Germany & the UK (7% each)
Japan (6%).
American airlines (17%)
Distribution
European (27%)
Latin American, Caribbean and Middle Eastern (4% each)
AsiaPacific (29%)
African (2%)
North American (33%)
the world’s airlines carried 2,260 million passengers
Cruising and ferry transport statistics
Tourism statistics
Summary of tourism statistics
domestic tourism
arrivals of cruise passengers
trends in world international tourism arrivals, receipts and exports
tourism payments
tourism motivations
accommodation capacity by regions
tourist arrivals
tourism accommodation
world summary of international tourism statistics
country studies that examine the detailed breakdown of tourism statistics collected for each area, including tourism seasonality.
International tourist travel: trends and patterns
EAP supplanted the Americas into third place, with 20% of all arrivals compared to the Americas with 16%
In 2007, Europe still dominated the overall market share with 52 per cent of arrivals
3 common types of tourism survey
post-travel studies of tourists once they have returned to their place of residence.
studies of tourists in transit or at their destination, to provide information on their actual behaviour and plans for the remainder of their holiday or journey
pre-travel studies of tourists’ intended travel habits and likely use of tourist transport
Problems in using transport and tourism statistics
the sample sizes are often small and selective in geographical coverage, offering little more than an insight into a region, market segment or mode of transport.
Researchers need to be aware of the limitations of the statistical sources they use and acknowledge who the statistics are collected for, the methodologies used and the inherent weaknesses.
the statistics rarely link transport and tourism together
researchers need to use as many different data sources as they can access, triangulating them to try and corroborate their findings and to establish some measure of the volume, patterns and activities of visitors using different forms of transport during their tourism activities.
the statistics are collected, which in most cases are for government recording purposes or for industry groups.
Developing a better understanding of the tourism–transport–leisure interface requires that statistics are collected with a clear purpose in mind and the end user needs to be clearly identified.
Invaluable insight into
tourist expenditure on transport-related services
the number of nights spent in different countries by tourists
types of tourism
the volume of tourist trips
tourist arrivals in different regions of the world and for specific countries
Forecasting the demand for tourist transport
The principal methods of forecasting
‘the projection by extrapolation, of historic trends’
‘extrapolation, subject to the application of . . . [statistical analysis using] weights or variables’
structured group discussions amongst a panel of tourism transport experts may be used to assess factors determining future traffic forecasts
Alternative approaches to understanding future demand for tourism and transport services: scenario planning
Scenario planning as a method of analysis
increasingly being used by organisations to consider the uncertain elements in the business environment to try and improve our foresight, to challenge our existing assumptions about how the world works