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Cooperative Language Learning - Coggle Diagram
Cooperative Language Learning
Background
Definition of CL
It uses cooperative activities such as pairs or smalls groups to teach
Olsen and Kagan's definition
Learning dependent on the social structure exchange of information between learners in groups
Author
John Dewey
He promoted the idea of building cooperation in learning
CL goals
To provide opportunities for natural acquisition using cooperative activities
To provide a methodology to can be applied in different curriculum stages
To stress in particular lexical items, language structures, and communicative functions
To promote the use of communication strategies
To motivate students and reduce stress
Approach
Theory of language
Premise 1
Premise 2
Premise 3
Premise 4
Premise 5
People learn when cooperative maxims are used with the target language through interactional activities
People learn when cooperative maxims are applied in everyday conversation.
"Conversation works according to a certain set of cooperative rules or maxims" (Grice 1975).
Conversation
"Human beings talk all the time engaging conversation" (Richards and Schmidt 1983: 117).
Book:
Born to talk
"All children growing up in a normal environment learn to talk. Communication is the main of language" (Weeks 1979:1).
Theory of learning
CL are based on the work of
Jean Piaget
and
Lev Vygotsky
Wiederhold
developed a battery of cooperative activites to encorage learners to ask and answer different questions.
Central premise of CLL
To develop communicative competence by conversations.
Interactive activities are optimal to practice the new language.
Learners develop critical thinking skills
Design
Objectives
To promote cooperation
To develop critical thinking skills
To promote the use of communicative strategies trhough interactional activities
The syllabus
Cooperative learning can be used with different curriculums orientations
Types of learning and teaching activities
Formal cooperative learning groups
Learners have to achieve a specific task and learning goals in group.
Time:
several weeks
Informal cooperative learning groups
It is a class period that catch learners' attetion and facilitate learning.
Time:
a few minutes
Cooperative base groups
Create heterogeneous learning groups where each student give support, encouragement, and assitance to succed academically.
Time:
It's a lomg term (year)
Olsen
and
Kagan
proposed key elements of successful groups
Positive interdependence:
helps one member helps all, and hurts one member hurts all. It promotes a spirit of mutual support in the group.
Group formation
Size:
It depends of the tasks that they have to carry out. From 2 to 4.
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Individual accountability:
Group and individual performance
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Coelho:
3 major types of cooperative tasks
Examples of CLL
Three-step interview:
In pairs, each students has a role (interviewer and interviewee). They talk about their understanding of the two interviews.
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1) Team practice from common input:
All students have the same material. They have to carry out the task. When the teacher asks some questions all members of the group have to be able to answer.
2) Jigsaw:
In group, each student has a different piece of information. They have to communicate with each other to obtain significant information to complete the task.
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Learner roles
Teacher roles
The role of instructional materials
They help to create opportunities to work cooperatively. Materials can modified from existing materials.
The teacher is a facilitator. He/She provides opportunities to talk.
Learner-centered approach. Learners participate all the time. Learners develop teamwork skills. Learners controlled their owb learning.
Procedure
1)
The teacher assigns students to pairs with at least one good reader in each pair
2) Ss A
: Explain what he/she is planning to write to Ss B.
Ss B:
He/she listens carefully, asks questions, outlines Ss A' ideas. He/she gives the written outline to ss A.
3)
Ss B does the same procedure.
4)
Students research the material they need.
5)
Students work together to write the first paragraph of each composition
6)
Students write their compositions individually
7)
Students make corrections of different writings
8)
Students revise their compositions
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All the time, The teacher monitors the pairs and help students.
Important dimension of CLL
To develop classrooms that fostercoperation rather than competition in learning.
Benefits of cooperation
Each student explores different ideas to share with others members of the group
Students improve their skills when they work in groups.
McGroarty
proposed six learning advantages for ESL students in CLL classrooms
1)
Diferent types of interactive activities help students to increase their vocabulary in the target language.
2)
Learners improve their language skills when they give an opinion or idea.
3)
To integrate language with content-based instruction.
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Gabriela Chuquitarco