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TOPIC 6 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION - Coggle Diagram
TOPIC 6 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Industrial Revolution is the
change experienced in the
conditions of production due to
the introduction of machinery,
initially moved to steam, which
replaced manual labor.
IRON, STEAM, AND MACHINES
The mechanization of the textile industries, the
development of iron processing and the introduction of
the steam engine machine were three pillars of the
Industrial Revolution.
From 1733 the loom had begun to be mechanized. The
first step was the flying shuttle, patented that year by the
British inventor John
Kay, which significantly increased the speed of tissue.
The Spinning Jenny, the spinning machine with eight coils, invented around 1764
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
In addition to the social, scientific and
technological changes brought by the
Renaissance and Scientific Revolution, which
we saw in the previous unit,
The change produced by the Protestant
Reformation-the separation of the Catholic
Church from hundreds of thousands of
Christians, especially in central and northern
Western Europe, who established particular
churches without a
obedience to the Pope. In this process, the
German Martin Luther (1483-1546) had a leading role. He questioned the papacy
and corruption in Rome for the practice of selling indulgences, while, as he
claimed, salvation depends only on the grace of God and not on any forgiveness
of men
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM
This growth was possible thanks to the original accumulation of capital and the
reinvestment of the profits of private entrepreneurs, which expanded their facilities
to generate more growth. The industrialization was thus becoming generalized.
The labor required by the industries was available in the large neighborhoods of
the main cities. The workers were given very long working hours, of 14 or 16 hours,
with low salaries. Children and women were employed to pay even less.
THE ORIGINAL ACCUMULATION
The entry into Europe of huge amounts of precious metals from America and the
profits of the slave trade and commerce in the world system, produced in the
northern countries what Marx called "the accumulation originating ", that is, the
growth of capital available for the development of capitalism. Among that group
of merchants and bankers irrigated by Western Europe, entrepreneurs emerged
that, according to Joseph Schumpeter, an economist
Austrian-American (1883-1950), are the individuals that assume economic risks
not personal.