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Topic 9: Enlightenment and the Colonial Crisis - Coggle Diagram
Topic 9: Enlightenment and the Colonial Crisis
THE FLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY
The eighteenth century was, for the Spanish colonies in America, a time of
contradictions, some lived an economic and demographic boom while others
languished and fell They were in crisis.
A key process was the introduction of Bourbon reforms, which sought to impose
new imperialism in the Spanish colonies and produced a growing Creole
discontent that, in some regions, it would have to end, beginning of the 19th
century, in the movements of independence
FRANCE OCCUPIES SPAIN
Napoleon did not give up. To break the economy British and prevent everything
from trade with Europe, decreed the "continental blockade". And like Portugal, an
ally of the English, he refused to follow him in this action, Napoleon decided to
submit by force, coercing Spain to that invaded Portugal, as indeed it did.
The French army crossed the peninsula and entered without resistance in Lisbon
(11/30/1807). The day previous, the Prince Regent, John VI, together with 15,000
people, had fled by sea to Brazil, where he would establish the court for fifteen
years.
While the Spanish armies were in Portugal, the French armies, with 65,000
effective, they completely controlled Spain by several years. The Spanish people
rebelled against King Charles IV in 1808, who abdicated and left as sovereign to
his son, Fernando VII.
THE BOURBON REFORMS IN AMERICA
Felipe V undertook «the reconquest of his colonies », an ambitious project that took momentum with his son Carlos III and had strong impacts on the system colonial in crisis. ➢ Economically, the Bourbons ordered that the colonies will not negotiate between them that they bought everything to Spain.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
(between Catholics and Protestants) that ravaged the continent in the previous
century and a half, a new consciousness emerged: did not matter more than a
man was good and honest, no
matter what religion or opinions
he had? And, second, if there
were differences of opinion,
would not it be better to discuss
them based on the reason and
not go to blows or war? These
two elements, tolerance (respect
the beliefs of others) and reason (argue logically, clearly, with evidence and, if it
were necessary, with scientific experiments) step to a third consensus: if all
human beings they are rational, they are equal (The same teaching of
Christianity, they are all children of God, but that had not been applied in
interreligious wars), and if they are equal, they must be treated equally.
A group of French thinkers threw themselves to a gigantic company: summarize
all the human knowledge in a collection of books they called the Encyclopedia.
Thinkers, like Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, defended these ideas in
the Encyclopedia and other books.
THE CHANGE OF DYNASTY
The 18th century began for Spain with the succession wars .
France, and great-grandson of
Philip IV, who was crowned with the title of Felipe V.
The Habsburg dynasty ended and began the Spanish throne the dynasty of the Bourbons.