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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Karen Morales Period 6 - Coggle Diagram
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Karen Morales Period 6
MAJOR FUNCTIONS
the glands in the body produce specific hormones that help the body maintain a balance.
regulate metabolism
regulate activities by sending hormones throughout the body
stimulate exocrine glands
regulate growth and development
maintain fluid and chemical balance
control multiple sex processes
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions
PINEAL GLAND
receives info about the state of light-dark cycle from the environment. it is used to produce and secrete melatonin, which targets the brain and induces sleep.
THYROID GLAND
is critical to the healthy development it also regulates metabolism. it produces 2 hormones, Thyroxine and triiodothyronine which target the heart, muscles, and digestive tract. Thyroid also produces calcitonin which is the antagonist to the PTH
PITUITARY GLAND
connected to the hypothalamus. It has 2 lobes, the posterior and anterior lobes.
The posterior lobe secretes hormones that are made by the hypothalamus: oxytocin and ADH
ADH
targets kidneys to reabsorb more water in inhibit urination formation
OXYTOCIN
a strong stimulant of uterine contractions released during childbirth and a hormlan trigger for milk ejection. it targets the uterus and the breast.
ANTERIOR
GROWTH HORMONE
promotes growth effects. it targets liver, bone, cartilage
THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE
stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE
promotes release glucocorticoids and androgens in adrenal cortex
FOLLICLE_STIMULATING HORMONE
targets ovaries and testes. in females it stimulates ovarian follicle masturation and production of estrogens. in males it stimulates sperm production
LUTEINIZING HORMONE
targets ovaries and testes. in females it triggers ovulation and stimulates ovarian production of estrogens and progesterone. in males it promotes testerone production
PROLACTIN
targets the breasts, it promotes lactation
PARATHYROID GLAND
is posterior aspect of the thyroid. It releases calcium by bones into the bloodstream by parathyroid hormone that targets the bones and kidneys
HYPOTHALAMUS
links ur endocrine and nervous sytem
ADRENAL GLAND
made up of the cortex and medulla. The hormones produced are cortisol, aldostorone,repherine, epinephrine.These glands produce hormones in response to stress and regulate blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and the body's salt and water balance. They target the kidneys, muscle, and blood vessels
GONADS
The male testes, and female ovaries, produce steroids that affect development regulate reproductive cycles. the ovaries produce progesterone and it targets the uterus. Testes produce tester one and target sex reproductive organs
PANCREAS
are responsible for producing the hormones glucagon and insulin. Together they regulate blood sugar levels. They target the the liver.
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation
blood levels of hormones are controlled by negative feedback Levels vary only within narrow, desirable range.Hormone release is triggered by:
NERVOUS SYSTEM MODULATION
nervou sytem can make adjustment to hormone levels when needed
Endocrine Gland Stimuli
Endocrine glands are stimulated to synthesize and release hormones in response to one
of three stimuli
NEURAL
nerve fibers stimulate hormone release
HORMONAL
hormones stimulate other endocrine organs
HUMORAL
changes in blood levels of ions and nutrients
positive feedback would allow the hormone to keep producing and producing
DISEASES
PITUITARY DWARFISM
hypo secretion of GH
MYXEDEMA
hypo secretion of TH, which can include a low metabolic rate, lethargy feeling, thick/dry skin
GIGANTISM
hyper secretion of GH caused by anterior pituitary tumor. in adults ACROMEGALY is caused overgrowth of hands feet
GRAVES DISEASE
hyper secretion of TH. autoimmune disease in which the body makes abnormal antibodies directed against thyroid follicular cells
DIABESTES INSIPIDUS
ADH defiency due to damage to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary
CUSHINGS DISESE
hypersecretion of the parathyroid hormone. depresses cartilage/bone formation and immune system. can cause tumor on puititary. a sign can be a buffalo hump
Addison's disease
hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone. can be defected early by the sign of skin bronzing
DIABESTES MELLITUS
(MD) hyposecretion of insulin: type 1, hypoactiivty of insulin:type 2
STEROID V NON STERROID
NONSTEROID HORMONE
Hormone made of amino acids; cannot diffuse across the plasma membrane of target cells; binds to a receptor on the cell membrane.
STEROID HORMONE
Fat soluble hormone made of lipids, which can diffuse across the plasma membrane of target cells and don't need the receptor on the cell membrane
SEX HORMONES, PROGESTRONE, ESTRONE, CORSTISOL, ANDROSTENEDIONE,TESTOSTERONE, ALDOSTERONE,MINERALOCORTICOIDS, GLUCOCORTICOIDS, GONADOCORTICOIDS, DHEA, epinephrine, reperphrine
GLUCAGON, INSULIN, PROLACTIN, ACTH, T3,T4, THYROID HORMONES, PATHRYOID HORMONES, MELATONIN