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Young ruminant umbilical disorders - Coggle Diagram
Young ruminant umbilical disorders
Omphalitis
Clinical signs
Pyrexia and systemic illness
Draining sinus tract/ purulent discharge
Firm, hot, painful non-reducible mass
Hyperechoic pus on ultrasound
Drain and flush through a ventral incision
Infection of the umbilical stump associated with poor hygiene and poor umbilical care
Prevent with iodine application at birth
Good prognosis for non-complicated abscess
Must confirm abscess before incision and may be concurrent with hernia
Umbilical hernia
Defect in the abdominal wall leading to herniation of omentum, abomasal fundus and intestines
Clinical signs
Soft, non-painful, reducible lump
Present shortly after birth (abscesses take longer to form)
Complications and aftercare
Infection - wound dehiscence
Haemorrhage
Failure of sutures - re-herniation
Clean bedding and close monitoring
Immediate post-operative complications
Hypothermia
Poor recovery
Recovery injuries (more common with epidurals)
Pre-operative considerations
NSAID analgesia
Broad spectrum antibiotics for good penetration of peritoneum and skin (Amoxiclav or Cephalosporin)
Anaesthesia
Injectable anaesthetics - GA
Sedation and local infiltration
High dose caudal epidural
Umbilical remnant disorders
Urachal abscess
Infection/ abscessation of umbilical vessels
Ligate patent urachus
En-bloc resection
Removal of tissue and surrounding capsule
Do NOT puncture abscess (severe abdominal contamination)
Umbilical disorder cases
History/ physical exam important
Is there purulent discharge
Is the animal systemically unwell
Is the mass firm, hot, painful?
FNA difficult if blind as may penetrate intestines
Ultrasound examination
Can occur in lambs, calves and goats