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World War One
and its Consequences
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World War One
and its Consequences
TECHNOLOGY OF WAR
The planning and conduct of the war in 1914 were crucially influenced by the invention of new weapons and the improvement of existing ones.
PARIS CONFERENCE
The conference agenda was set partly by the armistice agreements. Under their terms the European Allies had accepted most of the “Fourteen Points”, the idealistic peace program set out by President Wilson in January 1918.
CAUSES OF THE WAR
ALLIED POWERS
Great Britain, France and Russia formed “Allied Powers”.
ARMED PEACE
Tension between the great powers heralded war in the early 20th century. They built great elements of war.
CENTRAL POWERS
In 1882, Chancellor Bismarck formed the so-called "Central Powers", consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
THE BALKANS REVOLUTION
In 1913, the Balkan League succeeded in defeating the Ottoman Empire on its territory.
FOUR YEARS OF BLOODY WAR
Trucks, large-caliber guns, hot-air balloons and airplanes were used for the first time in this war. In accordance with a military strategy, Germany began World War I on two fronts, invading France and confronting Russia.
THE WESTERN FRONT
On August 4, 1914, German troops crossed the border into Belgium. The Germans left death and destruction as they passed through Belgium on their way to France, shooting civilians.
THE EASTERN FRONT
Russian forces invaded the German-held regions of East Prussia and Poland, but were stopped short by German and Austrian forces.
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AMERICA ENTERED THE WAR
In 1915, Germany declared the waters surrounding the British Isles a war zone, and German U-boats sank several commercial and passenger ships, including some American vessels.
On April 2, Woodrow Wilson appeared before Congress and called for a declaration of war against Germany.
CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
By the fall of 1918, the Central Powers were crumbling on all fronts. Despite the Turkish victory at Gallipoli, subsequent defeats by the invading forces and an Arab revolt had combined to destroy the Ottoman economy and devastate their territory. The Turks signed a treaty with the Allies in late October 1918. In addition, Germany maintained only small and weak armed forces and had to pay reparations to the countries it had invaded and whose ships it had sunk. World War I officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919.
CONFLICTS SCALATE
At the beginning of the 20th century, the great powers (Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia) competed for dominance of the continent.
WAR BREAKS OUT!
On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated by a student who wanted to liberate his nation and return it to Serbia. Consequently, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.