The principal airborne hazards in the mining industry include several types of particulates, naturally occurring gases, engine exhaust and some chemical vapours; the principal physical hazards are noise, segmental vibration, heat, changes in barometric pressure and ionizing radiation. These occur in varying combinations depending on the mine or quarry, its depth, the composition of the ore and surrounding rock, and the method(s) of mining. Among some groups of miners who live together in isolated locations, there is also risk of transmitting some infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hepatitis (B and E), and the human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Ionizing Radiation
High doses of ionizing radiation can lead to various effects, such as skin burns, hair loss, birth defects, illness, cancer, and death. The basic principle of toxicology, “the dose determines poison,” applies to the toxicology of ionizing radiation as well as to all other branches of toxicology.