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Companion animal neutering - Coggle Diagram
Companion animal neutering
Neutering in males
Open castration
Advantages
Ligations are direct and more secure
Preferable in large dogs
Disadvantages
Risk of intestinal herniation
Increased surgical time
Closed castration
Reduces operative time
Increased chance of ligature slippage
Pre-scrotal incisions are quicker but increase haematoma and seroma formation due to dead space
Complications
Scrotal haematoma
Infection
Haemorrhage
Self-trauma
Scrotal bruising and swelling
Neutering in females
Pre-operative considerations
Express bladder
Suture material needs to be synthetic absorbable (not catgut)
Wide clip and prep (xiphoid to pubis)
Wide drape to allow extension of incision
Wound closure
Subcutaneous layer to obliterate dead space and appose skin edges - simple continuous pattern
Skin closure - don't over tighten - intradermal/ simple interrupted/ cruciate/ ford interlocking or staples
Linea alba - incorporate rectus abdominis muscle sheath avoiding fat/ subcutaneous tissues - simple continuous pattern
Complications
Ovarian remnant syndrome
Stump granuloma (catgut)
Urinary tract injuries
Iatrogenic pseudopregnancy (spaying at the wrong time of the season)
Haemorrhage (ovarian pedicles?)