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Opiods - Coggle Diagram
Opiods
“Weak” Opioids
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Co-codamol = 500mg Paracetamol + 8mg, 15mg or 30mg Codeine
Co-dydramol = 500mg Paracetamol + 10mg, 20mg or 30mg Dihydrocodeine
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Dependence
Complex, difficult to define, slow development.
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Anorexia, weakness, depression, insomnia, GI & skeletal muscle cramps, increased respiratory rate, pyrexia, diarrhoea.
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Nervousness, sweating, craving.
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Opioid Partial Agonists
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High affinity, low efficacy at Mu receptor
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High Mu affinity can diminish opioid Mu activity & precipitate withdrawal in opioid dependent people
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Analgesia
Most effective for chronic visceral pain, effective against neuropathic pain.
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Short acting opioids (e.g. Alfentanil, Fentanyl) are used as analgesic supplements in anaesthesia.
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Tolerance
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Develops to central effects ( analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression) less so to peripheral effects ( constipation , Miosis)
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Opioid Agonists
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Differences in activity & efficacy related to stimulation of various opioid receptors as well as genetic differences in opioid receptor sensitivity